{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,12]],"date-time":"2026-08-12T17:16:20Z","timestamp":1786554980147,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":406,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Killer Ig-like Receptors (KIRs) regulate immune responses, maintaining the balance between activation and inhibition of the immune system. KIRs are expressed on natural killer cells and some CD8 T cells and interact with HLA class I molecules, influencing various physiological and pathological processes. KIRs\u2019 polymorphism creates a variability in immune responses among individuals. KIRs are involved in autoimmune disorders, cancer, infections, neurological diseases, and other diseases. Specific combinations of KIRs and HLA are linked to several diseases\u2019 susceptibility, progression, and outcomes. In particular, the balance between inhibitory and activating KIRs can determine how the immune system responds to pathogens and tumors. An imbalance can lead to an excessive response, contributing to autoimmune diseases, or an inadequate response, allowing immune evasion by pathogens or cancer cells. The increasing number of studies on KIRs highlights their essential role as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of KIRs in all clinical conditions and diseases, listed alphabetically, where they are analyzed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073242","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T07:00:45Z","timestamp":1743490845000},"page":"3242","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Role of Killer Ig-like Receptors in Diseases from A to Z"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Luisa","family":"Agnello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Masucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Tamburello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Vassallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Massa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosaria Vincenza","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Midiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caterina Maria","family":"Gambino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6120-9041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcello","family":"Ciaccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Clinical Molecular Medicine, and Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital \u201cP. Giaccone\u201d, 90127 Palermo, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2010.03398.x","article-title":"Structure\/function of human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors: Lessons from polymorphisms, evolution, crystal structures and mutations","volume":"132","author":"Campbell","year":"2011","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Islam, R., Pupovac, A., Evtimov, V., Boyd, N., Shu, R., Boyd, R., and Trounson, A. (2021). Enhancing a Natural Killer: Modification of NK Cells for Cancer Immunotherapy. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10051058"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1198687","article-title":"Innate or adaptive immunity? The example of natural killer cells","volume":"331","author":"Vivier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pazina, T., Shemesh, A., Brusilovsky, M., Porgador, A., and Campbell, K.S. (2017). Regulation of natural killer cell receptor functions by interactions with different ligands and alterations in the expression of splice variants. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00369"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1002\/JLB.MR0718-269R","article-title":"Mechanisms of natural killer cell-mediated cellular cytotoxicity","volume":"105","author":"Prager","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Leukoc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-019-0206-4","article-title":"Human NK cells: Surface receptors, inhibitory checkpoints, and translational applications","volume":"16","author":"Sivori","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2017.10.008","article-title":"The Broad Spectrum of Human Natural Killer Cell Diversity","volume":"47","author":"Freud","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4236562","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/4236562","article-title":"Cytotoxic Function and Cytokine Production of Natural Killer Cells and Natural Killer T-Like Cells in Systemic Lupus Erythematosis Regulation with Interleukin-15","volume":"2019","author":"Lin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gardiner, C.M., and Finlay, D.K. (2017). What fuels natural killers? Metabolism and NK cell responses. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00367"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-008-0322-2","article-title":"Extracellular domain alterations impact surface expression of stimulatory natural killer cell receptor KIR2DS5","volume":"60","author":"Steiner","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roe, D., Vierra-Green, C., Pyo, C.W., Geraghty, D.E., Spellman, S.R., Maiers, M., and Kuang, R. (2020). A Detailed View of KIR Haplotype Structures and Gene Families as Provided by a New Motif-Based Multiple Sequence Alignment. Front. Immunol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.585731"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-021-01247-0","article-title":"High-resolution human KIR genotyping","volume":"74","author":"Downing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2011.0266","article-title":"Human-specific evolution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor recognition of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules","volume":"367","author":"Parham","year":"2012","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107361","article-title":"The role of KIR positive NK cells in diseases and its importance in clinical intervention","volume":"92","author":"Velaei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D423","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku1161","article-title":"The IPD and IMGT\/HLA database: Allele variant databases","volume":"43","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(90)90097-S","article-title":"In search of the \u201cmissing self\u201d. MHC molecules and NK cell recognition","volume":"11","author":"Ljunggren","year":"1990","journal-title":"Immunol. Today"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaip.2022.04.036","article-title":"Immunogenomics of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) and HLA Class I: Coevolution and Consequences for Human Health","volume":"10","author":"Pollock","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Allergy Clin. Immunol. Pract."},{"key":"ref_18","unstructured":"Porwit, A., McCullough, J., and Erber, W.N. (2011). Histocompatibility: HLA and other systems. Blood and Bone Marrow Pathology, Churchill Livingstone. [2nd ed.]."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-023-00720-1","article-title":"Pathogenesis of autoimmune disease","volume":"19","author":"Pisetsky","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2020.108449","article-title":"Significance of KIR like natural killer cell receptors in autoimmune disorders","volume":"216","author":"Agrawal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1943","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2017.6248","article-title":"Role of HLA-B27 in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis (Review)","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_22","unstructured":"Parameswaran, P., and Lucke, M. (2023). HLA-B27 syndromes. StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R101","DOI":"10.1186\/ar1988","article-title":"Contribution of KIR3DL1\/3DS1 to ankylosing spondylitis in human leukocyte antigen-B27 Caucasian populations","volume":"8","author":"Pruneda","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.3109\/s10165-012-0692-z","article-title":"Association of KIR genotype with susceptibility to HLA-B27-positive ankylosing spondylitis","volume":"23","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000302","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin receptor genes in spondyloarthritis","volume":"28","author":"Kuijpers","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3109\/14397595.2014.894489","article-title":"Association between KIR polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis in populations: A meta-analysis","volume":"24","author":"Fan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mod. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.13408","article-title":"Association study between killer immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms and ankylosing spondylitis disease: An updated meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Rezaei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Rheum. Dis."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay1005","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aay1005","article-title":"Blood natural killer cell deficiency reveals an immunotherapy strategy for atopic dermatitis","volume":"12","author":"Mack","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1917006","article-title":"Trial of Nemolizumab and Topical Agents for Atopic Dermatitis with Pruritus","volume":"383","author":"Kabashima","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2013.06.015","article-title":"Protective effect of the KIR2DS1 gene in atopic dermatitis","volume":"527","author":"Majorczyk","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2100379","article-title":"Association of KIR Genes and MHC Class I Ligands with Atopic Dermatitis","volume":"207","author":"Margolis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4049\/immunohorizons.2200095","article-title":"KIR Allelic Variation and the Remission of Atopic Dermatitis Over Time","volume":"7","author":"Margolis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunohorizons"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e070201","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070201","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"380","author":"Muratori","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.12.019","article-title":"Genetic analysis of the HLA region of Japanese patients with type 1 autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"42","author":"Yoshizawa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.82","article-title":"HLA-DRB103:01 and HLA-DRB104:01 modify the presentation and outcome in autoimmune hepatitis type-1","volume":"16","author":"Zwiers","year":"2015","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-019-0086-8","article-title":"No association of HLA-DRB1 and TNF alleles in Mexican patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"20","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littera, R., Chessa, L., Onali, S., Figorilli, F., Lai, S., Secci, L., La Nasa, G., Caocci, G., Arras, M., and Melis, M. (2016). Exploring the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their HLA class I ligands in autoimmune hepatitis. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0146086"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2016.7","article-title":"The early onset of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis has a strong genetic influence: Role of HLA and KIR genes","volume":"17","author":"Podhorzer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhepr.2019.09.003","article-title":"KIR\/HLA genotypes confer susceptibility and progression in patients with autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"1","author":"Umemura","year":"2019","journal-title":"JHEP Rep."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20177359","article-title":"Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease: Review with emphasis on dermatological aspects","volume":"92","author":"Scherrer","year":"2017","journal-title":"An. Bras. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151956","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2022.151956","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis of Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease and treatment modalities","volume":"52","year":"2022","journal-title":"Semin. Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2007.00929.x","article-title":"No association of KIR genes with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"70","author":"Middleton","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2008.0108","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease patients: Any role for the 3DP1*001\/002 pseudogene?","volume":"13","author":"Arayssi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Test. Mol. Biomark."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/03009742.2017.1340510","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes and their HLA ligands with susceptibility to Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"47","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Scand. J. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2016.36","article-title":"Evaluation of KIR3DL1\/KIR3DS1 polymorphism in Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease","volume":"17","author":"Erer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Casta\u00f1o-N\u00fa\u00f1ez, \u00c1., Montes-Cano, M.A., Garc\u00eda-Lozano, J.R., Ortego-Centeno, N., Garc\u00eda-Hern\u00e1ndez, F.J., Espinosa, G., Gra\u00f1a-Gil, G., S\u00e1nchez-Burs\u00f3n, J., Juli\u00e1, M.R., and Solans, R. (2019). Association of Functional Polymorphisms of KIR3DL1\/DS1 with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Disease. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02755"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Caio, G., Volta, U., Sapone, A., Leffler, D.A., De Giorgio, R., Catassi, C., and Fasano, A. (2019). Celiac disease: A comprehensive current review. BMC Med., 17.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-019-1380-z"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pathmechdis-031521-032634","article-title":"The immunobiology and pathogenesis of celiac disease","volume":"18","author":"Iversen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2370.2002.00313.x","article-title":"Analysis of candidate genes on chromosome 19 in coeliac disease: An association study of the KIR and LILR gene clusters","volume":"29","author":"Moodie","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunogenet."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364367","article-title":"Association of KIR2DL5B gene with celiac disease supports the susceptibility locus on 19q13.4","volume":"8","author":"Santin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.04.008","article-title":"Upregulation of KIR3DL1 gene expression in intestinal mucosa in active celiac disease","volume":"72","author":"Irastorza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.5301\/JBM.2011.8903","article-title":"KIR\/HLA combination associated with the risk of complications in celiac disease","volume":"26","author":"Caggiari","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Markers"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12450","article-title":"Genetic risk for co-occurrence of type 1 diabetes and celiac disease is modified by HLA-C and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors","volume":"84","author":"Mendez","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.17235\/reed.2015.3817\/2015","article-title":"Contribution of KIR genes, HLA class I ligands, and KIR\/HLA class I ligand combinations on the genetic predisposition to celiac disease and coexisting celiac disease and type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"107","author":"Akar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Enferm. Dig."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vargas-Uricoechea, H., Nogueira, J.P., Pinz\u00f3n-Fern\u00e1ndez, M.V., and Schwarzstein, D. (2023). The usefulness of thyroid antibodies in the diagnostic approach to autoimmune thyroid disease. Antibodies, 12.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202306.1623.v1"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.01906","article-title":"Defect of a subpopulation of natural killer immune cells in Graves\u2019 disease and Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: Normalizing effect of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate","volume":"152","author":"Solerte","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"699","article-title":"Genotype analysis of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in Graves\u2019 disease patients","volume":"25","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_58","first-page":"150","article-title":"KIR gene content does not contribute to susceptibility to Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"10","author":"Ashouri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5367","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-014-3408-y","article-title":"Polymorphism of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their HLA ligands in Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"41","author":"Dastmalchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_60","first-page":"344","article-title":"Correlation between gene polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands and Graves\u2019 disease","volume":"103","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102649","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102649","article-title":"Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis: An update on pathogenic mechanisms, diagnostic protocols, therapeutic strategies, and potential malignant transformation","volume":"19","author":"Ralli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Autoimmun. Rev."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-013-0080-2","article-title":"Presence of more activating KIR genes is associated with Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis","volume":"46","author":"Ashouri","year":"2014","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.4158\/EP151175.OR","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and their HLA-C ligands in Hashimoto thyroiditis in a Chinese population","volume":"22","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Endocr. Pract."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1038\/nm921","article-title":"T-cell-mediated cytotoxicity toward platelets in chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura","volume":"9","author":"Olsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e32834d7ce3","article-title":"The KIR2DS2\/DL2 genotype is associated with adult persistent\/chronic and relapsed immune thrombocytopenia independently of FCGR3a-158 polymorphisms","volume":"23","author":"Nourse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Coagul. Fibrinolysis"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029615576738","article-title":"A study of human killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and multidrug resistance gene polymorphisms in children with immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"22","author":"Elbarbary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Appl. Thromb. Hemost."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12295","article-title":"The presence of KIR2DS5 confers protection against adult immune thrombocytopenia","volume":"83","author":"Seymour","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364333","article-title":"Killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) genotype and HLA ligand combinations in ulcerative colitis susceptibility","volume":"7","author":"Jones","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-009-0396-5","article-title":"Susceptibility to Crohn\u2019s disease is mediated by KIR2DL2\/KIR2DL3 heterozygosity and the HLA-C ligand","volume":"61","author":"Hollenbach","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.10.020","article-title":"Significant association of the KIR2DL3\/HLA-C1 genotype with susceptibility to Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"77","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-018-1162-7","article-title":"The role of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"67","author":"Fathollahi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Samarani, S., Mack, D.R., Bernstein, C.N., Iannello, A., Debbeche, O., Jantchou, P., Faure, C., Deslandres, C., Amre, D.K., and Ahmad, A. (2019). Activating Killer-cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor genes confer risk for Crohn\u2019s disease in children and adults of the Western European descent: Findings based on case-control studies. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217767"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4873648","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4873648","article-title":"Analysis of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases","volume":"2020","author":"Beigmohammadi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12130","article-title":"Natural killer cell activity and frequency of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in children with different forms of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2015.07.012","article-title":"Natural killer cell and gamma delta T cell alterations in enthesitis related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis","volume":"161","author":"Gaur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2024.108171","article-title":"The investigation of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA ligands in Iranian patients with myasthenia gravis","volume":"238","author":"Jalalvand","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1900311","article-title":"IL-11 Induces Encephalitogenic Th17 Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis","volume":"203","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2221007120","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2221007120","article-title":"IL-11 induces NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes and inflammatory cell migration to the central nervous system","volume":"120","author":"Seyedsadr","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.01.021","article-title":"Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms and Immunotherapy","volume":"97","author":"Kaskow","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2011.05.018","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in Spanish multiple sclerosis patients","volume":"48","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2014.01.009","article-title":"The role of KIR2DS1 in multiple sclerosis\u2014KIR in Portuguese MS patients","volume":"269","author":"Bettencourt","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21695","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand HLA-Bw4 protects against multiple sclerosis","volume":"65","author":"Lorentzen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.08.004","article-title":"KIRs and their HLA ligands in remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis","volume":"229","author":"Fusco","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511431726","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor locus polymorphisms in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"Hsu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mult. Scler."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2016.5","article-title":"The killer immunoglobulin-like receptor KIR3DL1 in combination with HLA-Bw4 is protective against multiple sclerosis in African Americans","volume":"17","author":"Hollenbach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gdata.2016.09.009","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis is accompanied by lack of KIR2DS1 gene: A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Shahsavar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genom. Data"},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-017-0006-8","article-title":"High resolution HLA analysis reveals independent class I haplotypes and amino-acid motifs protective for multiple sclerosis","volume":"20","author":"Mack","year":"2019","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roszkowska, A., Pawlicka, M., Mroczek, A., Ba\u0142abuszek, K., and Nieradko-Iwanicka, B. (2019). Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity: A Review. Medicina, 55.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina55060222"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1814","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2024-0034","article-title":"The role of killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) in the genetic susceptibility to non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS)","volume":"62","author":"Gambino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. Chem. Lab. Med."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2818","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.169.6.2818","article-title":"Cutting edge: Susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis: Influence of activating killer Ig-like receptor genes in the absence of specific HLA-C alleles","volume":"169","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2004.22517.x","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors are associated with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"122","author":"Suzuki","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0022-202X.2005.23879.x","article-title":"Distinct HLA-C\/KIR genotype profile associates with guttate psoriasis","volume":"125","author":"Holm","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2005.04.005","article-title":"Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene KIR2DS1 is associated with psoriatic arthritis","volume":"66","author":"Williams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ket296","article-title":"Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis","volume":"53","author":"Chandran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2020.1713145","article-title":"Association Study between Psoriatic Arthritis and Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genes: A Meta-Analysis","volume":"50","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120225","article-title":"Immunology of psoriasis","volume":"32","author":"Lowes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2004.05.008","article-title":"Gene for the activating natural killer cell receptor, KIR2DS1, is associated with susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"65","author":"Nockowski","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700415","article-title":"The killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes do not confer susceptibility to psoriasis vulgaris independently in Chinese","volume":"126","author":"Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2008.01096.x","article-title":"A study of the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene KIR2DS1 in a Caucasoid Brazilian population with psoriasis vulgaris","volume":"72","author":"Jobim","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.08.002","article-title":"Comparison of KIR gene content profiles revealed a difference between northern and southern Persians in the distribution of KIR2DS5 and its linked loci","volume":"72","author":"Solgi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Graciano-Machuca, O., Alvarado-Navarro, A., Ram\u00edrez-Due\u00f1as, M.G., Villanueva-Quintero, D.G., Velarde-de la Cruz, E.E., Machado-Sulbar\u00e1n, A.C., Montoya-Buelna, M., and S\u00e1nchez-Hern\u00e1ndez, P.E. (2020). Diversity of KIR\/HLA Genotypes and Their Association with Psoriasis Vulgaris in the Western Mexican Population. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11030338"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2020.1840582","article-title":"Assessment of the Relationship between Clinical Variants of Psoriasis and Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) Genes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis","volume":"51","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.193.10.1159","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex class I-recognizing receptors are disease risk genes in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"193","author":"Yen","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/486320","article-title":"Associations of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"33","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.06.017","article-title":"Association between KIR gene polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility: A meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aghaei, H., Mostafaei, S., Aslani, S., Jamshidi, A., and Mahmoudi, M. (2019). Association study between KIR polymorphisms and rheumatoid arthritis disease: An updated meta-analysis. BMC Med. Genet., 20.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12881-019-0754-6"},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/08923973.2016.1194429","article-title":"KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 as genetic markers to the methotrexate response in rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"38","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol."},{"key":"ref_108","first-page":"161","article-title":"Association of KIR2DL2 gene with anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies for serodiagnosis in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"79","author":"Velarde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Medicina (B Aires)"},{"key":"ref_109","first-page":"84","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis susceptibility is associated with the KIR2DS4-full of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the Lur population of Iran","volume":"10","author":"Sheikhian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rep. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rdc.2016.03.003","article-title":"Genetics in Sj\u00f6gren syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Reksten","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rheum. Dis. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ken503","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome","volume":"48","author":"Lowe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.762_6.x","article-title":"KIRs and autoimmune disease: Studies in systemic lupus erythematosus and scleroderma","volume":"69","author":"Pellett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq050","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL5 with systemic lupus erythematosus and accompanying infections","volume":"49","author":"Kimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref_114","first-page":"811","article-title":"Study on the polymorphism of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene with systemic lupus erythematosus of North population in China","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309345779","article-title":"Disparate distribution of activating and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"19","author":"Hou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310385266","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: Association with KIR and SLC11A1 polymorphisms, ethnic predisposition and influence in clinical manifestations at onset revealed by ancestry genetic markers in an urban Brazilian population","volume":"20","author":"Pedroza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316638931","article-title":"Analysis of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their human leukocyte antigen-ligands gene polymorphisms in Iranian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25","author":"Akhtari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3222-0","article-title":"The investigation of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotyping in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis","volume":"35","author":"Eker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6166","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000006166","article-title":"Association between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) polymorphisms and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in populations: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Liang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2018.01.005","article-title":"HLA-C1 ligands are associated with increased susceptibility to systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"79","author":"Gambino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Segerberg, F., Lundtoft, C., Reid, S., Hjorton, K., Leonard, D., Nordmark, G., Carlsten, M., and Hagberg, N. (2019). Autoantibodies to killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus induce natural killer cell hyporesponsiveness. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02164"},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20216","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with scleroderma","volume":"50","author":"Momot","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04095.x","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in systemic sclerosis","volume":"160","author":"Salim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-016-3526-0","article-title":"Analysis of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA ligand genes polymorphisms in Iranian patients with systemic sclerosis","volume":"36","author":"Mahmoudi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"6808061","article-title":"KIR\/HLA gene profile implication in systemic sclerosis patients from Mexico","volume":"2019","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s42358-019-0107-3","article-title":"Evaluation of the association between KIR polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis: A meta-analysis","volume":"60","author":"Karimizadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Rheumatol."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.16621","article-title":"Increased HLA class II risk is associated with a more aggressive presentation of clinical type 1 diabetes","volume":"112","author":"Turtinen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-023-05955-y","article-title":"Utility of genetic risk scores in type 1 diabetes","volume":"66","author":"Luckett","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2639","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.10.2639","article-title":"KIR in type 1 diabetes: Disparate distribution of activating and inhibitory natural killer cell receptors in patients versus HLA-matched control subjects","volume":"52","author":"Koeleman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2006.02.036","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes in the Basque population: Association study of KIR gene contents with type 1 diabetes mellitus","volume":"67","author":"Santin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.12815","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin receptor genes and their HLA-C ligand are associated with type 1 diabetes in an Eastern Indian population","volume":"33","author":"Sanjeevi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabet. Med."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/iji.12257","article-title":"Interactions between maternal killer cell immunoglobulin receptor genes and fetal HLA ligand genes contribute to type 1 diabetes susceptibility in Han Chinese","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunogenet."},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e9439","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000009439","article-title":"Association between KIR gene polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) susceptibility: A PRISMA-compliant meta-analysis","volume":"96","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00569-2","article-title":"Association of KIR gene polymorphisms with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Soltani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Metab. Disord."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1080\/08820139.2023.2165940","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their HLA-ligands with type 1 diabetes among South Indian population","volume":"52","author":"Gunavathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2008.04.005","article-title":"KIR and HLA gene combinations in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease","volume":"69","author":"Levinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2009.11.001","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene-cluster 3DS1-2DL5-2DS1-2DS5 predisposes susceptibility to Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome in Japanese individuals","volume":"71","author":"Levinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_138","first-page":"3523","article-title":"A study of KIR genes and HLA-C in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Saudi Arabia","volume":"17","author":"Sheereen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Vis."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levinson, R.D., Yung, M., Meguro, A., Ashouri, E., Yu, F., Mizuki, N., Ohno, S., and Rajalingam, R. (2016). KIR and HLA genotypes implicated in reduced killer lymphocytes immunity are associated with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160392"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2017.12.001","article-title":"Natural killer cell education and the response to infection and cancer therapy: Stay tuned","volume":"39","author":"Boudreau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_141","first-page":"1353","article-title":"NKG2D ligands as therapeutic targets","volume":"68","author":"Spear","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11636","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1920570117","article-title":"The molecular basis of how buried human leukocyte antigen polymorphism modulates natural killer cell function","volume":"117","author":"Saunders","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Augusto, D.G. (2016). The impact of KIR polymorphism on the risk of developing cancer: Not as strong as imagined?. Front. Genet., 7.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2016.00121"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S157092","article-title":"Biliary tract cancers: Current knowledge, clinical candidates and future challenges","volume":"11","author":"Tariq","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.06.023","article-title":"Imbalance of genes encoding natural killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen in patients with biliary cancer","volume":"157","author":"Cornillet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1980","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.17598","article-title":"Bladder cancer: A review","volume":"324","author":"Lenis","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-018-4221-9","article-title":"KIRs gene content diversity in Iranians with urothelial bladder cancer","volume":"45","author":"Jamali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euo.2019.04.009","article-title":"Immunological risk stratification of bladder cancer based on peripheral blood natural killer cell biomarkers","volume":"4","author":"Gimeno","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Urol. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2018.05.001","article-title":"Breast cancer development and progression: Risk factors, cancer stem cells, signaling pathways, genomics, and molecular pathogenesis","volume":"5","author":"Feng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genes Dis."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-011-9932-x","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in patients with breast cancer","volume":"29","author":"Ozturk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-016-0950-x","article-title":"Association of the genetic diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and HLA-C ligand in Saudi women with breast cancer","volume":"69","author":"Alomar","year":"2017","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ashouri, E., Rajalingam, K., Barani, S., Farjadian, S., Ghaderi, A., and Rajalingam, R. (2021). Coexistence of inhibitory and activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors to the same cognate HLA-C2 and Bw4 ligands confer breast cancer risk. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-86964-y"},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.06.021","article-title":"Analysis of KIR gene frequencies and HLA class I genotypes in breast cancer and control group","volume":"74","author":"Jobim","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1038\/s41435-020-00117-1","article-title":"Diversity of KIRs in invasive breast cancer patients and healthy controls along with the clinical significance in ER\/PR\/HER2+ patients","volume":"21","author":"Barani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2174\/1566524023666230717162458","article-title":"Impact of HLA Class I Antigen, Killer Inhibitory Receptor, and FCGR3A Genotypes on Breast Cancer Susceptibility and Tumor Stage","volume":"24","author":"Canossi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1080\/01443615.2019.1634030","article-title":"Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"40","author":"Okunade","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2005.00359.x","article-title":"A population-based cohort study of KIR genes and genotypes in relation to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia","volume":"65","author":"Arnheim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27873","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.27873","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene contents: Are they associated with cervical cancer?","volume":"95","author":"Tembhurne","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2006","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiy483","article-title":"HLA and KIR Associations of Cervical Neoplasia","volume":"218","author":"Bao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-8-33","article-title":"Human papillomavirus, high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors: A Western Australian cohort study","volume":"8","author":"Brestovac","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect. Agent Cancer"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20042158","article-title":"Hierarchy of resistance to cervical neoplasia mediated by combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen loci","volume":"201","author":"Carrington","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_162","first-page":"1035","article-title":"A protective effect conferred by KIR3DL1 and its cognate ligand against cervical cancer among ethnic Han Chinese population and its potential mechanism","volume":"36","author":"Zhen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Morgado-Diaz, J.A. (2022). Colorectal Cancer: An Overview. Gastrointestinal Cancers, Exon Publications. Chapter 1.","DOI":"10.36255\/exon-publications-gastrointestinal-cancers"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Re, V., Caggiari, L., De Zorzi, M., Talamini, R., Racanelli, V., D\u2019Andrea, M., Buonadonna, A., Zagonel, V., Cecchin, E., and Innocenti, F. (2014). Genetic diversity of the KIR\/HLA system and outcome of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer treated with chemotherapy. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084940"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.06.012","article-title":"HLA-Cw polymorphism and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene analysis in Korean colorectal cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Surg."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gdata.2016.10.010","article-title":"Colorectal cancer and the KIR genes in the human genome: A meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Ghanadi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genom. Data"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2017.01.003","article-title":"KIR genes and HLA class I ligands in a Caucasian Brazilian population with colorectal cancer","volume":"78","author":"Portela","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2019.06.002","article-title":"Activating and inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes are involved in an increased susceptibility to colorectal adenocarcinoma and protection against invasion and metastasis","volume":"224","author":"Barani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Diaz-Pe\u00f1a, R., Mondelo-Mac\u00eda, P., Molina de la Torre, A.J., Sanz-Pamplona, R., Moreno, V., and Mart\u00edn, V. (2020). Analysis of Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Genes in Colorectal Cancer. Cells, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9020514"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ge, L.L., Xing, M.Y., Zhang, H.B., and Wang, Z.C. (2022). Neurofibroma Development in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Insights from Cellular Origin and Schwann Cell Lineage Development. Cancers, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14184513"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47574","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.17736","article-title":"KIR2DL5 mutation and loss underlies sporadic dermal neurofibroma pathogenesis and growth","volume":"8","author":"Anastasaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C., Jiang, X., Li, M., and Luo, Y. (2023). Hepatitis Virus and Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Recent Advances. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15020533"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, N., Jiang, W., Sun, H., Miao, F., Qiu, J., Jin, H., Xu, J., Shi, Q., Xie, W., and Zhang, J. (2011). KIR and HLA loci are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma development in patients with hepatitis B virus infection: A case-control study. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025682"},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2013.05.007","article-title":"Absence of activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes combined with hepatitis C viral genotype is predictive of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"74","author":"Littera","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_175","first-page":"439","article-title":"Distribution of KIR\/HLA alleles among ethnic Han Chinese patients with hepatocellular carcinoma from southern China","volume":"36","author":"Gao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.3390\/livers3030027","article-title":"KIR Genotypes Impact Progression to Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection","volume":"3","author":"Abdelmaguid","year":"2023","journal-title":"Livers"},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-18-1354","article-title":"The Metabolic Basis of Kidney Cancer","volume":"9","author":"Linehan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2010.06.019","article-title":"Associations between genes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands in patients with solid tumors","volume":"71","author":"Middleton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2403525","article-title":"Identification of natural killer cell receptor phenotypes associated with leukemia","volume":"18","author":"Verheyden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2009.01235.x","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR2DL2 and\/or KIR2DS2) in presence of their ligand (HLA-C1 group) protect against chronic myeloid leukaemia","volume":"73","author":"Middleton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2009.04.022","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene polymorphisms in patients with leukemia: Possible association with susceptibility to the disease","volume":"34","author":"Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2010-10-313791","article-title":"Novel associations between activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and childhood leukemia","volume":"118","author":"Almalte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2770","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-07-440495","article-title":"Lack of association between KIR genes and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children","volume":"120","author":"Babor","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sugioka, D.K., Gon\u00e7alves, C.E., and Bicalho, M.D. (2016). KIR repertory in patients with hematopoietic diseases and healthy family members. BMC Hematol., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878-016-0064-6"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17534259251314774","DOI":"10.1177\/17534259251314774","article-title":"Association of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes and haplotypes with acute lymphoblastic leukemia risk","volume":"31","author":"Alomar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Innate Immun."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2013-11-540625","article-title":"The role of KIR genes and their cognate HLA class I ligands in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia","volume":"123","author":"Walsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_187","first-page":"238","article-title":"Certain Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR)\/KIR HLA Class I Ligand Genotypes Influence Natural Killer Antitumor Activity in Myelogenous Leukemia but Not in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Case Control Leukemia Association Study","volume":"36","author":"Varbanova","year":"2019","journal-title":"Turk. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cianga, V.A., Rusu, C., Pavel-Tanasa, M., Dascalescu, A., Danaila, C., Harnau, S., Aanei, C.M., and Cianga, P. (2023). Combined flow cytometry natural killer immunophenotyping and KIR\/HLA-C genotyping reveal remarkable differences in acute myeloid leukemia patients, but suggest an overall impairment of the natural killer response. Front. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1148748"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2022008514","article-title":"Large case-control study indicates no association of KIR genotype and risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia","volume":"7","author":"Heidenreich","year":"2023","journal-title":"Blood Adv."},{"key":"ref_190","unstructured":"Siddiqui, F., Vaqar, S., and Siddiqui, A.H. (2025). Lung Cancer. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing. Available online: https:\/\/www.statpearls.com."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.2147\/JPR.S155121","article-title":"Histological subtype of lung cancer affects acceptance of illness, severity of pain, and quality of life","volume":"11","author":"Chabowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pain Res."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.07.323","article-title":"KIR2DL2\/S2 and HLA-C C1C1 genotype is associated with better response to treatment and prolonged survival of patients with non-small cell lung cancer in a Polish Caucasian population","volume":"73","author":"Jankowska","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4731","DOI":"10.7150\/jca.33566","article-title":"The association of HLA\/KIR genes with non-small cell lung cancer (adenocarcinoma) in a Han Chinese population","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2016.1106","article-title":"Typing of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and their cognate human leukocyte antigen class I ligands predicts survival of Chinese Han patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"6","author":"Yu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hematian Larki, M., Ashouri, E., Barani, S., Ghayumi, S.M.A., Ghaderi, A., and Rajalingam, R. (2022). KIR-HLA gene diversities and susceptibility to lung cancer. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-21062-1"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2020028454","article-title":"Malignant Melanoma: Skin Cancer-Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment","volume":"30","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Eukaryot. Gene Expr."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-013-0682-0","article-title":"KIR gene variability in cutaneous malignant melanoma: Influence of KIR2D\/HLA-C pairings on disease susceptibility and prognosis","volume":"65","author":"Campillo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00262-006-0151-9","article-title":"Impact of KIR\/HLA ligand combinations on immune responses in malignant melanoma","volume":"56","author":"Naumova","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Immunol. Immunother."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00005-016-0437-3","article-title":"The influence of HLA and KIR genes on malignant melanoma development and progression","volume":"64","author":"Kandilarova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.leu.2404096","article-title":"Impaired activating receptor expression pattern in natural killer cells from patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"20","author":"Fauriat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.2002.03879.x","article-title":"Anti-myeloma activity of natural killer lymphocytes","volume":"119","author":"Frohn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s12032-007-0007-y","article-title":"Clinical stage-depending decrease of NK cell activity in multiple myeloma patients","volume":"24","author":"Jurisic","year":"2007","journal-title":"Med. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mgene.2014.09.008","article-title":"KIR genotype distribution among patients with multiple myeloma: Higher prevalence of KIR 2DS4 and KIR 2DS5 genes","volume":"2","author":"Hoteit","year":"2014","journal-title":"Meta Gene"},{"key":"ref_204","first-page":"77","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors in Thai patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"42","author":"Theeranawakam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-024-01336-w","article-title":"HLA class I NK-epitopes and KIR diversities in patients with multiple myeloma","volume":"76","author":"Beelen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI24826","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis and therapy of cutaneous T cell lymphoma","volume":"115","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13083","article-title":"Mycosis fungoides: Association of KIR ligands and HLA-DQB1*05 with bad prognosis of the disease","volume":"30","author":"Brazzelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1159\/000524656","article-title":"Clinical Impact of KIR2DS3 and KIR2DL3 Genes in Neuroblastoma Patients","volume":"31","author":"Sezgin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Princ. Pract."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3260","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI62749","article-title":"Unlicensed NK cells target neuroblastoma following anti-GD2 antibody treatment","volume":"122","author":"Tarek","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3264","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2011.41.3807","article-title":"Murine anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3F8 combined with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and 13-cis-retinoic acid in high-risk patients with stage 4 neuroblastoma in first remission","volume":"30","author":"Cheung","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12608","article-title":"Increased frequencies of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2 are associated with neuroblastoma","volume":"86","author":"Keating","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1235108","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2016.1235108","article-title":"Neuroblastoma patients with high-affinity FCGR2A, -3A and stimulatory KIR 2DS2 treated by long-term infusion of anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18\/CHO show higher ADCC levels and improved event-free survival","volume":"5","author":"Siebert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oncoimmunology"},{"key":"ref_213","unstructured":"Sapkota, S., and Shaikh, H. (2025, January 10). Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Available online: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559328\/."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2902","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1014361","article-title":"Natural killer cell killer immunoglobulin-like gene receptor polymorphisms in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Possible association with clinical course","volume":"56","author":"Pamuk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clml.2023.03.001","article-title":"Association of KIR Genes Polymorphism and its HLA Ligands in Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma","volume":"23","author":"Daniela","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cives, M., Mannavola, F., Lospalluti, L., Sergi, M.C., Cazzato, G., Filoni, E., Cavallo, F., Giudice, G., Stucci, L.S., and Porta, C. (2020). Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers: Biological and Clinical Features. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155394"},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/PPO.0000000000000610","article-title":"Natural Killer Cell Recognition and Control of Epithelial Cancers","volume":"28","author":"Carr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer J."},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.29252\/ibj.23.5.4","article-title":"Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors (KIRs) Genotype and Haplotype Analysis in Iranians with Non-Melanoma Skin Cancers","volume":"23","author":"Yousefinejad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran. Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-0547","article-title":"Skin Cancer Risk Is Modified by KIR\/HLA Interactions That Influence the Activation of Natural Killer Immune Cells","volume":"76","author":"Vineretsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181cf3d79","article-title":"The origin and pathogenesis of epithelial ovarian cancer: A proposed unifying theory","volume":"34","author":"Kurman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2014.04.002","article-title":"Associations between genes for killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their ligands in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer","volume":"75","author":"Giebel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.07.325","article-title":"Activating KIR2DS5 receptor is a risk for thyroid cancer","volume":"73","author":"Ashouri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ligotti, M.E., Aiello, A., Accardi, G., Calabr\u00f2, A., Ciaccio, M., Colomba, C., Di Bona, D., Lo Sasso, B., Pojero, F., and Tuttolomondo, A. (2022). Distribution of KIR Genes and Their HLA Ligands in Different Viral Infectious Diseases: Frequency Study in Sicilian Population. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415466"},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3113","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612824666180911123249","article-title":"Translation of Basic Research into Clinics: Killer Immunoglobulin-like Receptors Genes in Autoimmune and Infectious Diseases","volume":"24","author":"Aiello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Pharm. Des."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201242389","article-title":"Modulation of the natural killer cell KIR repertoire by cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"43","author":"Charoudeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2708","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301138","article-title":"Amplified NKG2C+ NK cells in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection preferentially express killer cell Ig-like receptor 2DL: Functional impact in controlling CMV-infected dendritic cells","volume":"191","author":"Djaoud","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2678","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-10-459545","article-title":"NK cell responses to cytomegalovirus infection lead to stable imprints in the human KIR repertoire and involve activating KIRs","volume":"121","author":"Liu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1083","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu226","article-title":"HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors influence the natural course of CMV infection","volume":"210","author":"Scafidi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12855","article-title":"Association between \u03b3 marker, human leucocyte antigens and killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and the natural course of human cytomegalovirus infection: A pilot study performed in a Sicilian population","volume":"153","author":"Accardi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15072","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1617927114","article-title":"Expression of KIR2DS1 by decidual natural killer cells increases their ability to control placental HCMV infection","volume":"113","author":"Crespo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2005-03-1039","article-title":"Donor KIR genotype has a major influence on the rate of cytomegalovirus reactivation following T-cell replete stem cell transplantation","volume":"107","author":"Cook","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2008.11.030","article-title":"The effect of single and combined activating killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes on cytomegalovirus infection and immunity after hematopoietic cell transplantation","volume":"15","author":"Zaia","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trim.2024.102171","article-title":"Immunoglobulin-like receptor genotype-associated protection from cytomegalovirus infection after liver transplantation","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transpl. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2011.01286.x","article-title":"Donor and recipient HLA\/KIR genotypes do not predict liver transplantation outcome","volume":"24","author":"Moroso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transpl. Int."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2009.09.019","article-title":"Impact of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation after umbilical cord blood transplantation","volume":"16","author":"Beck","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2674","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02431.x","article-title":"Natural killer cell receptor repertoire and their ligands, and the risk of CMV infection after kidney transplantation","volume":"8","author":"Hadaya","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.12532","article-title":"KIR and HLA interactions are associated with control of primary CMV infection in solid organ transplant recipients","volume":"14","author":"Avery","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2008.02242.x","article-title":"The number of activating KIR genes inversely correlates with the rate of CMV infection\/reactivation in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"8","author":"Stern","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03516.x","article-title":"Telomeric rather than centromeric activating KIR genes protect from cytomegalovirus infection after kidney transplantation","volume":"11","author":"Stern","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.53","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene repertoire influences viral load of primary human cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant patients","volume":"15","author":"Jones","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2019.106230","article-title":"Influence of donor KIR genotypes on reduced relapse risk in acute myelogenous leukemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with CMV reactivation","volume":"87","author":"Nakamura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Leuk. Res."},{"key":"ref_242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-021-01245-2","article-title":"Evaluation of telomeric KIR genes and their association with CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"74","author":"Farzamikia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15320","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15320","article-title":"Donor aKIR genes influence the risk of EBV and CMV reactivation after anti-thymocyte globulin-based haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"HLA"},{"key":"ref_244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bmt.1705468","article-title":"Activating KIR genes are associated with CMV reactivation and survival after non-T-cell depleted HLA-identical sibling bone marrow transplantation for malignant disorders","volume":"38","author":"Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Bone Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2011.04.008","article-title":"Expression of activating KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS4 genes after hematopoietic cell transplantation: Relevance to cytomegalovirus infection","volume":"17","author":"Franck","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deborska-Materkowska, D., Perkowska-Ptasinska, A., Sadowska-Jakubowicz, A., Gozdowska, J., Ciszek, M., Pazik, J., Ostaszewska, A., Kosieradzki, M., Nowak, J., and Durlik, M. (2019). Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DS2 (KIR2DS2), KIR2DL2-HLA-C1, and KIR2DL3 as genetic markers for stratifying the risk of cytomegalovirus infection in kidney transplant recipients. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20030546"},{"key":"ref_247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbmt.2015.10.004","article-title":"KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D are associated with acute graft-versus-host disease, cytomegalovirus, and overall survival after sibling-related HLA-matched transplantation in patients with donors with KIR gene haplotype A","volume":"22","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol. Blood Marrow Transplant."},{"key":"ref_248","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-010-0480-x","article-title":"Association of KIR2DS1 and KIR2DS3 with fatal outcome in Ebola virus infection","volume":"62","author":"Wauquier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_249","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2701.202177","article-title":"Human diversity of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen class I alleles and Ebola virus disease outcomes","volume":"27","author":"Vanmechelen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_250","first-page":"303","article-title":"Novel association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes with EBV-infectious diseases in children","volume":"28","author":"Huo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomed. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.17950","article-title":"Donor activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors genes correlated with Epstein-Barr virus reactivation after haploidentical haematopoietic stem cell transplantation","volume":"196","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Haematol."},{"key":"ref_252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muriuki, B.M., Forconi, C.S., Oluoch, P.O., Bailey, J.A., Ghansah, A., Moormann, A.M., and Ong\u2019echa, J.M. (2021). Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with endemic Burkitt lymphoma in Kenyan children. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-90596-7"},{"key":"ref_253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang, P., Nolte, I.M., Hepkema, B.G., Stulp, M., van den Berg, A., and Diepstra, A. (2022). Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Haplotype B Modulates Susceptibility to EBV-Associated Classic Hodgkin Lymphoma. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.829943"},{"key":"ref_254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00760-9","article-title":"Global burden of hepatitis B virus: Current status, missed opportunities and a call for action","volume":"20","author":"Hsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.3325\/cmj.2007.6.800","article-title":"Polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene: Possible association with susceptibility to or clearance of hepatitis B virus infection in Chinese Han population","volume":"48","year":"2007","journal-title":"Croat. Med. J."},{"key":"ref_256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.889893","article-title":"Role of KIR genes and genotypes in susceptibility to or protection against hepatitis B virus infection in a Turkish cohort","volume":"20","author":"Kibar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12698","article-title":"KIR2DL3 and the KIR ligand groups HLA-A-Bw4 and HLA-C2 predict the outcome of hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"24","author":"Aiello","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Viral Hepat."},{"key":"ref_258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1089\/omi.2019.0173","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes and haplotypes contribute to susceptibility to hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection in Cameroon","volume":"24","author":"Torimiro","year":"2020","journal-title":"OMICS"},{"key":"ref_259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2018060","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2018.060","article-title":"Insights into the interplay between KIR gene frequencies and chronic HBV infection in Burkina Faso","volume":"10","author":"Sorgho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mediterr. J. Hematol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2020.05.033","article-title":"Natural killer cell receptor variants and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the Vietnamese population","volume":"96","author":"Auer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.4081\/jphia.2023.2586","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor alleles influence susceptibility to occult hepatitis B infection in West African population","volume":"14","author":"Bazie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Public Health Afr."},{"key":"ref_262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yindom, L.M., Mendy, M., Bodimeade, C., Chambion, C., Aka, P., Whittle, H.C., Rowland-Jones, S.L., and Walton, R. (2017). KIR content genotypes associate with carriage of hepatitis B surface antigen, e antigen and HBV viral load in Gambians. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188307"},{"key":"ref_263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00430-017-0522-1","article-title":"The impact of KIR-HLA genotype on hepatitis B virus clearance in Iranian infected individuals","volume":"206","author":"Jafari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Med. Microbiol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, W., Shen, X., Fu, B., Guo, C., Liu, Y., Ye, Y., Sun, R., Li, J., Tian, Z., and Wei, H. (2017). KIR3DS1\/HLA-B Bw4-80Ile genotype is correlated with the IFN-\u03b1 therapy response in hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01285"},{"key":"ref_265","first-page":"112","article-title":"Association between KIR genes and efficacy of treatment of HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients with entecavir","volume":"15","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Iran. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097670","article-title":"HLA and NK cell inhibitory receptor genes in resolving hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"305","author":"Khakoo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23477","article-title":"Consistent beneficial effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor 2DL3 and group 1 human leukocyte antigen-C following exposure to hepatitis C virus","volume":"51","author":"Knapp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.762_7.x","article-title":"Increased frequencies of activating natural killer receptors are associated with liver injury in individuals who do not eliminate hepatitis C virus","volume":"69","author":"Paladino","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.773_4.x","article-title":"Influence of inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and their HLA-C ligands on resolving hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"69","author":"Rauch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2011.08.017","article-title":"KIR genes and their human leukocyte antigen ligands in the progression to cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis C","volume":"72","author":"Marangon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2723","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2009.05.014","article-title":"Protective KIR-HLA interactions for HCV infection in intravenous drug users","volume":"46","author":"Romero","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1590\/S1415-47572013000100004","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms with chronic hepatitis C and responses to therapy in Brazil","volume":"36","author":"Amaral","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genet. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_273","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.01.020","article-title":"Contribution of genes for killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) to the susceptibility to chronic hepatitis C virus infection and to viremia","volume":"76","author":"Bura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.13401","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of HCV clearance","volume":"37","author":"Gauthiez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"ref_275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz-Extremera, A., Pav\u00f3n-Castillero, E.J., Florido, M., Mu\u00f1oz de Rueda, P., Mu\u00f1oz-G\u00e1mez, J.A., Casado, J., Carazo, A., Quiles, R., Jim\u00e9nez-Ruiz, S.M., and Gila, A. (2017). Influence of HLA class I, HLA class II and KIRs on vertical transmission and chronicity of hepatitis C virus in children. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0172527"},{"key":"ref_276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Podhorzer, A., Dirchwolf, M., Machicote, A., Belen, S., Montal, S., Paz, S., Fainboim, H., Podest\u00e1, L.G., and Fainboim, L. (2018). The clinical features of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infections are associated with killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and their expression on the surface of natural killer cells. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01912"},{"key":"ref_277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14527","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus in the Chinese population","volume":"58","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref_278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shen, C., Ge, Z., Dong, C., Wang, C., Shao, J., Cai, W., Huang, P., Fan, H., Li, J., and Zhang, Y. (2021). Genetic variants in KIR\/HLA-C genes are associated with the susceptibility to HCV infection in a high-risk Chinese population. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.632353"},{"key":"ref_279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e28645","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28645","article-title":"KIR2DL4\/HLA-G polymorphisms were associated with HCV infection susceptibility among Chinese high-risk population","volume":"95","author":"Feng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29776","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29776","article-title":"Investigating the role of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen genetic variants in hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"96","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"key":"ref_281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2007.00844.x","article-title":"Influence of KIR gene diversity on the course of HSV-1 infection: Resistance to the disease is associated with the absence of KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2","volume":"70","author":"Portero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4412","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1103434","article-title":"Host genetic factors in susceptibility to herpes simplex type 1 virus infection: Contribution of polymorphic genes at the interface of innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"188","author":"Moraru","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2016.42","article-title":"HLA Class I and II alleles, heterozygosity and HLA-KIR interactions are associated with rates of genital HSV shedding and lesions","volume":"17","author":"Magaret","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2020.577241","article-title":"Protective and causative killer Ig-like receptor (KIR) and metalloproteinase genetic patterns associated with Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis occurrence","volume":"344","author":"Tuttolomondo","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neuroimmunol."},{"key":"ref_285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-7-9","article-title":"Activating KIR\/HLA complexes in classic Kaposi\u2019s Sarcoma","volume":"7","author":"Guerini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect. Agent Cancer"},{"key":"ref_286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1643-x","article-title":"High prevalence of specific KIR types in patients with HHV-8 positive cutaneous vascular lesions: A possible predisposing factor?","volume":"308","author":"Borghi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch. Dermatol. Res."},{"key":"ref_287","first-page":"79","article-title":"Inhibitory KIR2DL2 receptor and HHV-8 in classic or endemic Kaposi sarcoma","volume":"23","author":"Bortolotti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiv413","article-title":"Risk of classic Kaposi sarcoma with combinations of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen loci: A population-based case-control study","volume":"213","author":"Goedert","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofad435","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad435","article-title":"Role of the killer immunoglobulin-like receptor and human leukocyte antigen I complex polymorphisms in Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/ng934","article-title":"Epistatic interaction between KIR3DS1 and HLA-B delays the progression to AIDS","volume":"31","author":"Martin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282f56b23","article-title":"Increased proportion of KIR3DS1 homozygotes in HIV-exposed uninfected individuals","volume":"22","author":"Boulet","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/ng2035","article-title":"Innate partnership of HLA-B and KIR3DL1 subtypes against HIV-1","volume":"39","author":"Martin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Genet."},{"key":"ref_293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0902621","article-title":"HIV protective KIR3DL1 and HLA-B genotypes influence NK cell function following stimulation with HLA-devoid cells","volume":"184","author":"Boulet","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000002028","article-title":"Inhibitory natural killer cell receptor KIR3DL1 with its ligand Bw4 constraints HIV-1 disease among South Indians","volume":"32","author":"Maruthamuthu","year":"2018","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2005.01.001","article-title":"Interaction between KIR3DL1 and HLA-B*57 supertype alleles influences the progression of HIV-1 infection in a Zambian population","volume":"66","author":"Njobvu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3282ffde7e","article-title":"A combined genotype of KIR3DL1 high expressing alleles and HLA-B*57 is associated with a reduced risk of HIV infection","volume":"22","author":"Boulet","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref_297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pelak, K., Need, A.C., Fellay, J., Shianna, K.V., Feng, S., Urban, T.J., Ge, D., De Luca, A., Martinez-Picado, J., and Wolinsky, S.M. (2011). Copy number variation of KIR genes influences HIV-1 control. PLoS Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/7e17b146-a69c-4e83-9230-7340486d9dc8"},{"key":"ref_298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2008.02045.x","article-title":"NK cells in HIV-1 infection: Evidence for their role in the control of HIV-1 infection","volume":"265","author":"Alter","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6364256","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and HLA act both independently and synergistically to modify HIV disease progression","volume":"6","author":"Gaudieri","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6588","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.10.6588","article-title":"Cutting edge: Resistance to HIV-1 infection among African female sex workers is associated with inhibitory KIR in the absence of their HLA ligands","volume":"177","author":"Jennes","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jennes, W., Verheyden, S., Demanet, C., Menten, J., Vuylsteke, B., Nkengasong, J.N., and Kestens, L. (2011). Low CD4+ T cell counts among African HIV-1 infected subjects with group B KIR haplotypes in the absence of specific inhibitory KIR ligands. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017043"},{"key":"ref_302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-09-455352","article-title":"Inhibitory KIR\/HLA incompatibility between sexual partners confers protection against HIV-1 transmission","volume":"121","author":"Jennes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref_303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-016-0906-1","article-title":"The effects of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes on susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in the Polish population","volume":"68","author":"Tomczyk","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2019.0172","article-title":"The role of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in susceptibility to HIV-1 infection and disease progression: A meta-analysis","volume":"35","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses"},{"key":"ref_305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2019-0024","article-title":"Role of Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) genes in stages of HIV-1 infection among patients from Burkina Faso","volume":"10","author":"Sorgho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomol. Concepts"},{"key":"ref_306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paximadis, M., Minevich, G., Winchester, R., Schramm, D.B., Gray, G.E., Sherman, G.G., Coovadia, A.H., Kuhn, L., and Tiemessen, C.T. (2011). KIR-HLA and maternal-infant HIV-1 transmission in sub-Saharan Africa. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016541"},{"key":"ref_307","first-page":"9053280","article-title":"Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) in HIV-exposed infants in Cameroon","volume":"2021","author":"Gabriel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soria, A., Guerini, F.R., Bandera, A., Bolognesi, E., Uglietti, A., Fusco, C., Zucchi, P., Maserati, R., Rizzardini, G., and Clerici, M. (2011). KIR-HLA genotypes in HIV-infected patients lacking immunological recovery despite effective antiretroviral therapy. PLoS ONE, 6.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027349"},{"key":"ref_309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2009.10.009","article-title":"Activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors 3DS1 and 2DS1 protect against developing the severe form of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis","volume":"71","author":"Bonagura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12068","article-title":"Association of KIR genes and HLA-C alleles with HPV-related uterine cervical disease in Korean women","volume":"81","author":"Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marangon, A.V., Guelsin, G.A., Visentainer, J.E., Borelli, S.D., Watanabe, M.A., Consolaro, M.E., Caleffi-Ferracioli, K.R., Rudnick, C.C., and Sell, A.M. (2013). The association of the immune response genes to human papillomavirus-related cervical disease in a Brazilian population. BioMed Res. Int., 2013.","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/146079"},{"key":"ref_312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1089\/vim.2014.0017","article-title":"Implication of HLA-C and KIR alleles in human papillomavirus infection and associated cervical lesions","volume":"27","author":"Rizzo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Viral Immunol."},{"key":"ref_313","first-page":"761","article-title":"HLA-Cw group 1 ligands for KIR increase susceptibility to invasive cervical cancer","volume":"6","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13387","article-title":"Immunological tolerance of low-risk HPV in recurrent respiratory papillomatosis","volume":"199","author":"Ivancic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1159\/000494985","article-title":"From HPV Infection to Lesion Progression: The Role of HLA Alleles and Host Immunity","volume":"63","author":"Paaso","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Cytol."},{"key":"ref_316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tarique, M., Naz, H., Suhail, M., Turan, A., Saini, C., Muhammad, N., Shankar, H., Zughaibi, T.A., Khan, T.H., and Khanna, N. (2023). Differential expression of programmed death 1 (PD-1) on various immune cells and its role in human leprosy. Front. Immunol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1138145"},{"key":"ref_317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2008.01127.x","article-title":"Association between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes and leprosy in Brazil","volume":"72","author":"Franceschi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jarduli, L.R., Alves, H.V., de Souza-Santana, F.C., Marcos, E.V., Pereira, A.C., Dias-Baptista, I.M., Fava, V.M., Mira, M.T., Moraes, M.O., and Virmond, M.C. (2014). Influence of KIR genes and their HLA ligands in the pathogenesis of leprosy in a hyperendemic population of Rondon\u00f3polis, Southern Brazil. BMC Infect. Dis., 14.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-438"},{"key":"ref_319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alves, H.V., de Moraes, A.G., Pepineli, A.C., Tiyo, B.T., de Lima Neto, Q.A., Santos, T.D.S., Teixeira, J.J.V., Ambrosio-Albuquerque, E.P., Sell, A.M., and Visentainer, J.E.L. (2019). The impact of KIR\/HLA genes on the risk of developing multibacillary leprosy. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0007696"},{"key":"ref_320","first-page":"9600","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors are associated with susceptibility to leptospirosis\u2014A preliminary study","volume":"67","author":"Martins","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2009.08.007","article-title":"Role of human leukocyte antigen, killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors, and cytokine gene polymorphisms in leptospirosis","volume":"70","author":"Fialho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00251-009-0401-z","article-title":"KIR3DL1\/S1 genotypes and KIR2DS4 allelic variants in the AB KIR genotypes are associated with Plasmodium-positive individuals in malaria infection","volume":"61","author":"Taniguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Immunogenetics"},{"key":"ref_323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2011.08.017","article-title":"Differential association of KIR gene loci to risk of malaria in ethnic groups of Assam, Northeast India","volume":"11","author":"Lourembam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect. Genet. Evol."},{"key":"ref_324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hirayasu, K., Ohashi, J., Kashiwase, K., Hananantachai, H., Naka, I., Ogawa, A., Takanashi, M., Satake, M., Nakajima, K., and Parham, P. (2012). Significant association of KIR2DL3-HLA-C1 combination with cerebral malaria and implications for co-evolution of KIR and HLA. PLoS Pathog., 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002565"},{"key":"ref_325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2011.01818.x","article-title":"Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum in The Gambia","volume":"79","author":"Yindom","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2014.06.002","article-title":"Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and falciparum malaria in southwest Nigeria","volume":"75","author":"Olaniyan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2017.10.026","article-title":"KIR-like activating natural killer cell receptors and their association with complicated malaria in north India","volume":"178","author":"Prakash","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acta Trop."},{"key":"ref_328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiaa698","article-title":"Association of inhibitory killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ligands with higher Plasmodium falciparum parasite prevalence","volume":"224","author":"Digitale","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12523","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) gene diversity in a population naturally exposed to malaria in Porto Velho, Northern Brazil","volume":"85","author":"Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-021-03652-y","article-title":"Diversity of KIR genes and their HLA-C ligands in Ugandan populations with historically varied malaria transmission intensity","volume":"20","author":"Tukwasibwe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Malar. J."},{"key":"ref_331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1710594","article-title":"Q Fever (Coxiella burnetii)","volume":"41","author":"Uranga","year":"2020","journal-title":"Semin. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"ref_332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gene.6363912","article-title":"Variation in immune response genes and chronic Q fever. Concepts: Preliminary test with post-Q fever fatigue syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Helbig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hci086","article-title":"Immune response genes in the post-Q-fever fatigue syndrome, Q fever endocarditis and uncomplicated acute primary Q fever","volume":"98","author":"Helbig","year":"2005","journal-title":"QJM Int. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2017.02.005","article-title":"Reduced frequency of two activating KIR genes in patients with sepsis","volume":"78","author":"Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2019.01.008","article-title":"KIR gene haplotype A is associated with hospital mortality in patients with sepsis","volume":"200","author":"Oliveira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_336","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-020-0402-2","article-title":"Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients","volume":"17","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Littera, R., Chessa, L., Deidda, S., Angioni, G., Campagna, M., Lai, S., Melis, M., Cipri, S., Firinu, D., and Santus, S. (2021). Natural killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors trigger differences in immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0255608"},{"key":"ref_338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-023-09428-7","article-title":"Association study between killer immunoglobulin-like receptor polymorphisms and susceptibility to COVID-19 disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"72","author":"Teshnizi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Immunol. Res."},{"key":"ref_339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6111","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-021-02517-4","article-title":"NK Cell Subpopulations and Receptor Expression in Recovering SARS-CoV-2 Infection","volume":"58","author":"Saresella","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2021.108911","article-title":"Association of KIR gene polymorphisms with COVID-19 disease","volume":"234","author":"Hajeer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2023.09.004","article-title":"Coronavirus-19 disease risk and protective factors associated with HLA\/KIR polymorphisms in Ecuadorian patients residing in Madrid","volume":"84","author":"Balas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e15251","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.15251","article-title":"HLA-DPB113:01 associates with enhanced, and KIR2DS4001 with diminished protection from developing severe COVID-19","volume":"103","author":"Farias","year":"2024","journal-title":"HLA"},{"key":"ref_343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maruthamuthu, S., Rajalingam, K., Kaur, N., Morvan, M.G., Soto, J., Lee, N., Kong, D., Hu, Z., Reyes, K., and Ng, D. (2022). Individualized Constellation of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors and Cognate HLA Class I Ligands that Controls Natural Killer Cell Antiviral Immunity Predisposes COVID-19. Front. Genet., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.845474"},{"key":"ref_344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hu, S., Shao, Z., Ni, W., Sun, P., Qiao, J., Wan, H., Huang, Y., Liu, X., Zhai, H., and Xiao, M. (2022). The KIR2DL2\/HLA-C1C1 Gene Pairing Is Associated With an Increased Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.919110"},{"key":"ref_345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jksus.2022.102416","article-title":"Relationship between KIR genotypes and HLA-ligands with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Saudi population","volume":"35","author":"Alomar","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.2011.02664.x","article-title":"Association of KIR genotypes and haplotypes with syphilis in a Chinese Han population","volume":"75","author":"Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Scand. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-313X.2011.01063.x","article-title":"Association of KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with syphilis in a Chinese Han population","volume":"39","author":"Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunogenet."},{"key":"ref_348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2012.02911.x","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigen-C and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor gene polymorphisms among patients with syphilis in a Chinese Han population","volume":"120","author":"Zhuang","year":"2012","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref_349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Braun, K., Wolfe, J., Kiazyk, S., and Kaushal Sharma, M. (2015). Evaluation of host genetics on outcome of tuberculosis infection due to differences in killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene frequencies and haplotypes. BMC Genet., 16.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12863-015-0224-x"},{"key":"ref_350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1080\/20477724.2020.1848271","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analytic findings on the association between killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis","volume":"115","author":"Omraninava","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pathog. Glob. Health"},{"key":"ref_351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esmaeili, S., Mahmoudi, A., Esmaeili, P., Yousefi Ghalejoogh, Z., Mordadi, A., Ghasemi, A., Mohammadi, A., Bagheri, A., Sohrabi, A., and Latifian, M. (2023). The surveillance of plague among rodents and dogs in Western Iran. PLoS Neglected Trop. Dis., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011722"},{"key":"ref_352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4059","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msab147","article-title":"Analysis of genomic DNA from medieval plague victims suggests long-term effect of Yersinia pestis on human immunity genes","volume":"38","author":"Immel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Evol."},{"key":"ref_353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di, D., Thomas, J.S., Currat, M., Nunes, J.M., and Sanchez-Mazas, A. (2022). Challenging ancient DNA results about putative HLA protection or susceptibility to Yersinia pestis. Mol. Biol. Evol., 39.","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msac073"},{"key":"ref_354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2012.11.015","article-title":"Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in four human West Nile virus infections reported 2011 in the Republic of Macedonia","volume":"74","author":"Spiroski","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e210194","DOI":"10.1590\/0074-02760210194","article-title":"Lack of association of the KIR and HLA class I ligands with ZIKV infection in south and southeast of Brazil","volume":"117","author":"Elpidio","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz."},{"key":"ref_356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2012.07.014","article-title":"Activating killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their cognate HLA ligands are significantly increased in autism","volume":"26","author":"Torres","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres, A.R., Sweeten, T.L., Johnson, R.C., Odell, D., Westover, J.B., Bray-Ward, P., Ward, D.C., Davies, C.J., Thomas, A.J., and Croen, L.A. (2016). Common genetic variants found in HLA and KIR immune genes in autism spectrum disorder. Front. Neurosci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2016.00463"},{"key":"ref_358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2013.10.006","article-title":"Activating KIR molecules and their cognate ligands prevail in children with a diagnosis of ASD and in their mothers","volume":"36","author":"Guerini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.2000144","article-title":"Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Variants Are Associated with Protection from Symptoms Associated with More Severe Course in Parkinson Disease","volume":"205","author":"Anderson","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.1999.0574","article-title":"Higher natural killer cell activity in schizophrenic patients: The impact of serum factors, medication, and smoking","volume":"14","author":"Yovel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"key":"ref_361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1111\/tan.12423","article-title":"Are KIR and HLA class I genes associated with schizophrenia?","volume":"84","author":"Frydecka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01282-2","article-title":"Neuroinflammation in Acute Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke","volume":"23","author":"Alsbrook","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Neurol. Neurosci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_363","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-019-1469-5","article-title":"HLA and killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIRs) genotyping in patients with acute ischemic stroke","volume":"16","author":"Tuttolondo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"ref_364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3109\/09273948.2011.619295","article-title":"HLA-A29 and birdshot chorioretinopathy","volume":"19","author":"Monnet","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ocul. Immunol. Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2008.13","article-title":"Combination of KIR and HLA gene variants augments the risk of developing birdshot chorioretinopathy in HLA-A*29-positive individuals","volume":"9","author":"Levinson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genes Immun."},{"key":"ref_366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abramiuk, M., Grywalska, E., Ma\u0142kowska, P., Sierawska, O., Hrynkiewicz, R., and Nied\u017awiedzka-Rystwej, P. (2022). The Role of the Immune System in the Development of Endometriosis. Cells, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11132028"},{"key":"ref_367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0897.2007.00533.x","article-title":"Association of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genotypes with susceptibility to endometriosis","volume":"58","author":"Kitawaki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nowak, I., Majorczyk, E., Wi\u015bniewski, A., Pawlik, A., Magott-Procelewska, M., Passowicz-Muszy\u0144ska, E., Malejczyk, J., P\u0142oski, R., Giebel, S., and Barcz, E. (2010). Does the KIR2DS5 gene protect from some human diseases?. PLoS ONE, 5.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012381"},{"key":"ref_369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chou, Y.C., Chen, C.H., Chen, M.J., Chang, C.W., Chen, P.H., Yu, M.H., Chen, Y.J., Tsai, E.M., Yang, P.S., and Lin, S.Y. (2020). Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and human leukocyte antigen-C (HLA-C) allorecognition patterns in women with endometriosis. Sci. Rep., 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-61702-y"},{"key":"ref_370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.3906\/sag-2008-11","article-title":"Familial Mediterranean fever, from pathogenesis to treatment: A contemporary review","volume":"50","author":"Tufan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Turk. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"ref_371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1089\/gtmb.2008.0081","article-title":"Distribution of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes in patients with familial Mediterranean fever","volume":"13","author":"Mahfouz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Genet. Test. Mol. Biomark."},{"key":"ref_372","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3547","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.895211","article-title":"Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor (KIR) Genotype Distribution in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Patients","volume":"21","author":"Erken","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_373","unstructured":"Stone, W.L., Basit, H., Mukkamalla, S.K.R., and Master, S.R. (2023). Gaucher Disease. StatPearls [Internet], StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcmd.2012.10.008","article-title":"Human leukocyte antigens and Gaucher disease","volume":"50","author":"Vairo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Cells Mol. Dis."},{"key":"ref_375","first-page":"149","article-title":"Abnormalities of cellular immunity and natural killer cells in Gaucher\u2019s disease","volume":"23","author":"Burstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Clin. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2012.12.014","article-title":"KIR genes and HLA class I ligands in Gaucher disease","volume":"516","author":"Vairo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref_377","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.11.1189","article-title":"Risk of malignant disease among 1525 adult male US veterans with Gaucher disease","volume":"167","author":"Landgren","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"ref_378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17028","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.28","article-title":"Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria","volume":"3","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_379","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2012.01932.x","article-title":"Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) and their HLA-ligands in Italian paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) patients","volume":"80","author":"Cosentini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnur.2018.04.008","article-title":"Polycystic Ovary Syndrome","volume":"53","author":"Meier","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs. Clin. N. Am."},{"key":"ref_381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2018.08.003","article-title":"Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors associated with polycystic ovary syndrome","volume":"130","author":"Sala","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-023-00417-6","article-title":"Pre-eclampsia","volume":"9","author":"Dimitriadis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Dis. Primers"},{"key":"ref_383","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041214","article-title":"Combinations of maternal KIR and fetal HLA-C genes influence the risk of preeclampsia and reproductive success","volume":"200","author":"Hiby","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_384","first-page":"909","article-title":"Correlation between killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors genes and pre-eclampsia","volume":"43","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi"},{"key":"ref_385","first-page":"14535","article-title":"KIR2DL4 expression rather than its single nucleotide polymorphisms correlates with pre-eclampsia","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez-Rodr\u00edguez, E.N., Nava-Salazar, S., Mendoza-Rodr\u00edguez, C.A., Moran, C., Romero-Arauz, J.F., Ortega, E., Granados, J., Cervantes-Peredo, A., and Cerb\u00f3n, M. (2011). Persistence of decidual NK cells and KIR genotypes in healthy pregnant and preeclamptic women: A case-control study in the third trimester of gestation. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-9-8"},{"key":"ref_387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preghy.2014.04.012","article-title":"Genetic and preeclampsia","volume":"4","author":"Yusrizal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pregnancy Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.3109\/10641955.2014.920026","article-title":"Interaction of parental KIR and fetal HLA-C genotypes with the risk of preeclampsia","volume":"33","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hypertens. Pregnancy"},{"key":"ref_389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1413453112","article-title":"A KIR B centromeric region present in Africans but not Europeans protects pregnant women from pre-eclampsia","volume":"112","author":"Nakimuli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2014.05.008","article-title":"Association of maternal KIR and fetal HLA-C genes with the risk of preeclampsia in the Chinese Han population","volume":"36","author":"Long","year":"2015","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1800860","article-title":"High-resolution genetic and phenotypic analysis of KIR2DL1 alleles and their association with pre-eclampsia","volume":"201","author":"Huhn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jri.2023.104139","article-title":"The role of genetics in maternal susceptibility to preeclampsia in women of African ancestry","volume":"160","author":"Ishmail","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2022.2159723","article-title":"Updates in the diagnosis and management of Takayasu\u2019s arteritis","volume":"135","author":"Somashekar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"ref_394","first-page":"25","article-title":"Association of Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) Genes and their HLA Ligands with Susceptibility to Takayasu Arteritis in the Iranian Population","volume":"22","author":"Beigmohammadi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Iran J. Allergy Asthma Immunol."},{"key":"ref_395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-016-0707-8","article-title":"Xeroderma Pigmentosum","volume":"10","author":"Black","year":"2016","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.1977.tb01099.x","article-title":"HLA antigens in 16 families with xeroderma pigmentosum","volume":"9","author":"Giraldo","year":"1977","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"ref_397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.2018025248","article-title":"Strategies to Enhance NK Cell Function for the Treatment of Tumors and Infections","volume":"38","author":"Chirino","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17675","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.24832","article-title":"A Phase 1 Study of Lirilumab (Antibody Against Killer Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor Antibody KIR2D.; IPH2102) in Patients with Solid Tumors and Hematologic Malignancies","volume":"9","author":"Vey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622306","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.622306","article-title":"The Role of Natural Killer Cells in Autoimmune Diseases","volume":"12","author":"Kucuksezer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-02003-x","article-title":"KIR-Based Inhibitory CARs Overcome CAR-NK Cell Trogocytosis-Mediated Fratricide and Tumor Escape","volume":"28","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s43152-024-00055-4","article-title":"The Role of Cancer-Specific Target Antigens in CAR T Cell Therapy in Hematological Malignancies","volume":"5","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Curr. Tissue Microenviron. Rep."},{"key":"ref_402","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Khawar, M.B., and Sun, H. (2021). CAR-NK Cells: From Natural Basis to Design for Kill. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.707542"},{"key":"ref_403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1038\/s41423-024-01207-0","article-title":"CAR-T and CAR-NK as Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy for Solid Tumors","volume":"21","author":"Peng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Mol. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S306109","article-title":"Key Activating and Inhibitory Ligands Involved in the Mobilization of Natural Killer Cells for Cancer Immunotherapies","volume":"10","author":"Karmakar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.20517\/jtgg.2023.25","article-title":"Targeting KIR as a Novel Approach to Improve CAR-NK Cell Function","volume":"7","author":"Graham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Transl. Genet. Genom."},{"key":"ref_406","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001912","DOI":"10.1136\/jitc-2020-001912","article-title":"Peptide: MHC-Based DNA Vaccination Strategy to Activate Natural Killer Cells by Targeting Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptors","volume":"9","author":"Rettman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Immunother. Cancer"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/7\/3242\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:06:59Z","timestamp":1760029619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/7\/3242"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]},"references-count":406,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26073242"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26073242","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]]}}}