{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:38:34Z","timestamp":1787647114059,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This article explores systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), thromboinflammation, and septic shock in fetuses and neonates, offering a comprehensive examination of their pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, and clinical implications. It identifies SIRS as an exaggerated response to external stress, disrupting the balance between inflammation and adaptive mechanisms, driven by cytokines such as TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1. The fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), a subset of SIRS, is noted for its role in adverse neonatal outcomes, including organ damage, inflammation, and long-term developmental disorders. The article discusses the extensive effects of FIRS on critical systems, including the blood, lungs, central nervous system, and kidneys. It highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing septic shock in neonates, focusing on the relationship between inflammation and the hemostatic system. Additionally, the paper points out recent advancements, such as the convergent model of coagulation and emerging biomarkers like microRNAs for early detection. Despite this progress, gaps remain in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these conditions and in developing effective therapeutic strategies. This highlights the necessity for targeted research to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with septic shock in neonates.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073259","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T07:00:45Z","timestamp":1743490845000},"page":"3259","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Thromboinflammation, and Septic Shock in Fetuses and Neonates"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Victoria","family":"Bitsadze","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2136-1641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arina","family":"Lazarchuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4509-9281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Vorobev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0725-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamilya","family":"Khizroeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Tretyakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Makatsariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0764-4477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nilufar","family":"Gashimova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristina","family":"Grigoreva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alena","family":"Tatarintseva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. 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Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"Elalamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. 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Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str 8-2, Moscow 119435, Russia"},{"name":"INSERM UMR_S_938, Saint-Antoine Research Center (CRSA), Team \u201cCancer Biology and Therapeutics\u201d, Group \u201cCancer\u2014Angiogenesis\u2014Thrombosis\u201d, University Institute of Cancerology (UIC), Sorbonne University, 34 Rue du Crozatier, 75012 Paris, France"},{"name":"Thrombosis Center, Tenon\u2014Saint Antoine University Hospital, H\u00f4pitaux Universitaires Est Parisien, Assitance Publique H\u00f4pitaix de Paris (AP-HP), 4 Rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Makatsariya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, The I.M. 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