{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T17:01:52Z","timestamp":1790960512112,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["21K11172"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K11172"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["24K14227 (S.T.)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24K14227 (S.T.)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We investigated the effects of belt electrode-skeletal muscle electrical stimulation (B-SES) on muscle atrophy in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats. Twenty-eight 8-week-old male Dark Agouti rats were immunized with type II collagen and Freund\u2019s incomplete adjuvant (day 0). From days 14 to 28, 18 rats received B-SES (50 Hz) four times only on the right hindlimb (STIM), while the contralateral left hindlimb remained unstimulated. Both hindlimbs of 10 untreated CIA rats were defined as controls (CONT). Paw volume was measured every other day. On day 28, the muscle weight, histology, and gene expression of the soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) were analyzed. B-SES did not worsen paw volume throughout the experimental period. Compared with CONT, the muscle weight and fiber cross-sectional area of the soleus were higher in STIM. The expression of muscle degradation markers (atrogin-1 and MuRF-1) in the soleus and EDL was lower in the STIM group than that in the CONT group. In contrast, B-SES did not significantly affect the expression of muscle synthesis (Eif4e and p70S6K) and mitochondrial (PGC-1\u03b1) markers. B-SES prevents muscle atrophy in CIA rats by reducing muscle degradation without exacerbating arthritis, demonstrating its promising potential as an intervention for RA-induced muscle atrophy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T04:06:05Z","timestamp":1743566765000},"page":"3294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Belt Electrode-Skeletal Muscle Electrical Stimulation Prevents Muscle Atrophy in the Soleus of Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kazufumi","family":"Hisamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8626-604X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shogo","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9405-8462","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Okubo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichiro","family":"Kamada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5674-1532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shuji","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0784-7426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Arai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Sports and Para-Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsuo","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osam","family":"Mazda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1580","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.138461","article-title":"2010 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: An American College of Rheumatology\/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative","volume":"69","author":"Aletaha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. 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