{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T10:10:23Z","timestamp":1790849423794,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743552000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["AP19679202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP19679202"]}]},{"name":"Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan","award":["11022021CRP1501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11022021CRP1501"]}]},{"name":"Nazarbayev University","award":["AP19679202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AP19679202"]}]},{"name":"Nazarbayev University","award":["11022021CRP1501"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11022021CRP1501"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we developed a novel theranostic nanomedicine formulation that integrates multimodal imaging with controlled drug release in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-rich microenvironments. A fluorinated oxalate compound (FOC) was synthesized through a one-step condensation reaction between 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and oxalyl chloride, characterized by 1H, 13C, and 1\u2079F NMR spectroscopy. The FOC and luminophore-incorporated nanomedicine formulations reacted rapidly with hydrogen peroxide via the peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (POCL) mechanism, producing strong chemiluminescence and inducing a notable 19-fold increase in ratiometric 1\u2079F NMR signal upon conversion to fluorinated alcohol (FAH), demonstrating promising potential for high-contrast 1\u2079F MRI in deep tissue. Following ROS stimulation, the chemical conversion from hydrophobic FOC to hydrophilic FAH led to the degradation of the nanomedicines, facilitating payload release. In vitro experiments with A-431 cancer cells under hypoxic conditions confirmed ROS-responsive drug release, evidenced by enhanced fluorescence from model luminophores. Additionally, doxorubicin-loaded FOC nanomedicines reduced cell viability to 32% under hypoxia while remaining non-toxic in normoxic conditions. These results indicate that FOC-based nanomedicine formulations provide a promising platform for combined chemiluminescence and 1\u2079F MRI with targeted therapeutic efficacy in ROS-rich inflammatory and cancerous tissues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]],"date-time":"2025-04-02T07:47:44Z","timestamp":1743580064000},"page":"3304","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["ROS-Responsive Fluorinated Oxalate Nanomedicine for Dual Chemiluminescence\/1\u2079F MRI Imaging and Targeted Drug Release"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9454-9138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anatoly","family":"Peshkov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anel","family":"Urazaliyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariyana","family":"Saiduldinova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazbek","family":"Kulbergenov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-1641-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nasir Bala","family":"Alhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8588-337X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Almaz","family":"Beisenbayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0113-8987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yerkin","family":"Shabdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"},{"name":"National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0286-7252","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bauyrzhan","family":"Umbayev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vsevolod","family":"Peshkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timur Sh.","family":"Atabaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8998-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timur","family":"Elebessov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1026-2146","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tri Thanh","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, School of Science and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1306-5770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Keun","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.1.2.182","article-title":"Biomarkers: Potential Uses and Limitations","volume":"1","author":"Mayeux","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroRX"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-017-0135-z","article-title":"Cellular Death, Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and Diabetic Complications","volume":"9","author":"Volpe","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Death 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