{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,31]],"date-time":"2026-01-31T09:29:13Z","timestamp":1769851753582,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["19K10277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K10277"]}]},{"name":"JSPS KAKENHI","award":["22K10161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K10161"]}]},{"name":"Hyogo Medical University","award":["19K10277"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K10277"]}]},{"name":"Hyogo Medical University","award":["22K10161"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K10161"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tumor budding (TB) occurs at the deepest site of tumor invasion and is a significant prognostic indicator of cervical metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The mechanism of TB, however, remains unclear. This study investigated the roles of the tumor microenvironment and partial epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (p-EMT) in TB expression using molecular and cellular physiological analyses. We established oral metachronous carcinoma cell lines (gingival carcinoma: 020, tongue carcinoma with high TB expression: 020G) from two cancers with pathologically different TB in the same patient and subjected them to exome analysis to detect gene mutations related to carcinogenesis and malignancy. Differences in EMT expression induced by transforming growth factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) between 020 and 020G were analyzed by Western blotting and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and TGF-\u03b2-induced changes in cell morphology, proliferation, migration, and invasive ability were also examined. TGF-\u03b2 expression was observed in the deepest tumor invasion microenvironment. TGF-\u03b2 also induced the expression of several p-EMT markers and increased the migration and invasive abilities of 020G compared with 020 cells. In conclusion, TGF-\u03b2 in the deep-tumor microenvironment can induce p-EMT in tumor cells, expressed as TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,4]],"date-time":"2025-04-04T06:52:56Z","timestamp":1743749576000},"page":"3347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mechanism of Tumor Budding in Patient-Derived Metachronous Oral Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Omae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuji","family":"Omori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuna","family":"Makihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5845-8394","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Koji","family":"Yamanegi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soutaro","family":"Hanawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8817-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kyohei","family":"Yoshikawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Noguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Kishimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, 1-1 Mukogawa-cho, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/s41432-022-0243-1","article-title":"Oral cancer\u2014The fight must go on against all odds\u2026","volume":"23","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Evid. Based Dent."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1758-3284-2-9","article-title":"Clinicopathological parameters, recurrence, locoregional and distant metastasis in 115 T1\u2013T2 oral squamous cell carcinoma patients","volume":"2","author":"Jerjes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Head Neck Oncol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.09.007","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death after multimodality treatment for advanced oral and oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"65","author":"Wutzl","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.4103\/sajc.sajc_317_16","article-title":"Squamous cell carcinoma of buccal mucosa: An analysis of prognostic factors","volume":"7","author":"Bobdey","year":"2018","journal-title":"S. Asian J. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0714.2002.310406.x","article-title":"Prediction of delayed neck metastasis in patients with stage I\/II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue","volume":"31","author":"Okamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1506007","article-title":"Elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer","volume":"373","author":"Vaish","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1097\/01.sla.0000143243.81014.f2","article-title":"A new prognostic staging system for rectal cancer","volume":"240","author":"Ueno","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Surg."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12781","article-title":"Prognostic value of tumour budding in oesophageal cancer: A meta-analysis","volume":"68","author":"Almangush","year":"2016","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2009.09.006","article-title":"Tumor budding as a prognostic marker in laryngeal carcinoma","volume":"206","author":"Sarioglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2012.04350.x","article-title":"Tumour budding and the expression of cancer stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"61","author":"Luo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"296","article-title":"Growth patterns in human carcinoma. Their classification and relation to prognosis","volume":"16","author":"Imai","year":"1960","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2014.10.004","article-title":"A simple novel prognostic model for early stage oral tongue cancer","volume":"44","author":"Almangush","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-017-0814-1","article-title":"Predictive significance of tumor depth and budding for late lymph node metastases in patients with clinical N0 early oral tongue carcinoma","volume":"11","author":"Hori","year":"2017","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12242","article-title":"Tumor budding correlates with occult cervical lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in clinical early-stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"44","author":"Xie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/his.12471","article-title":"Tumour budding in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma\u2014A systematic review","volume":"65","author":"Almangush","year":"2014","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25334","article-title":"Tumor budding and adjacent tissue at the invasive front correlate with delayed neck metastasis in clinical early-stage tongue squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"119","author":"Yamakawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2018.1","article-title":"Tumour budding in colorectal cancer: Molecular rationale for clinical translation","volume":"18","author":"Zlobec","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/path.4550","article-title":"Molecular profiling of tumour budding implicates TGF\u03b2-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition as a therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"236","author":"Jensen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2018.06.012","article-title":"Tumor budding is associated with poor prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma and histologically represents an epithelial-mesenchymal transition process","volume":"80","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hum. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.06.028","article-title":"EMT: 2016","volume":"166","author":"Nieto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.10.044","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of primary and metastatic tumor ecosystems in head and neck cancer","volume":"171","author":"Puram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1448244","DOI":"10.1080\/23723556.2018.1448244","article-title":"Single cell RNA-seq highlights a role for a partial EMT in head and neck cancer","volume":"5","author":"Puram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.4103\/ijpm.ijpm_905_21","article-title":"Evaluation and prognostic significance of tumor budding in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas","volume":"66","author":"Argon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J. Pathol. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2019.104458","article-title":"Immunohistochemical quantification of partial-EMT in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma primary tumors is associated with nodal metastasis","volume":"99","author":"Parikh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1904","DOI":"10.1245\/s10434-014-3567-z","article-title":"Prognostic significance of epithelial-mesenchymal transition of extracapsular spread tumors in lymph node metastases of head and neck cancer","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann. Surg. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2022.2508","article-title":"Establishment of a patient-derived mucoepidermoid carcinoma cell line with the CRTC1-MAML2 fusion gene","volume":"16","author":"Noguchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1471","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2022.04.018","article-title":"Establishment of an oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line expressing vascular endothelial growth factor a and its two receptors","volume":"17","author":"Kawabe","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Sci."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2022.12.008","article-title":"LAMB3 and TACSTD2, both highly expressed in salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinoma, represent potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets","volume":"35","author":"Yoshida","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Med. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2015). Comprehensive genomic characterization of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Nature, 517, 576\u2013582.","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14129"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18066","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.3768","article-title":"Ultra-deep targeted sequencing of advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma identifies a mutation-based prognostic gene signature","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hyodo, T., Kuribayashi, N., Fukumoto, C., Komiyama, Y., Shiraishi, R., Kamimura, R., Sawatani, Y., Yaguchi, E., Hasegawa, T., and Izumi, S. (2022). The mutational spectrum in whole exon of p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and its clinical implications. Sci. Rep., 12.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25744-8"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Okuyama, K., Suzuki, K., and Yanamoto, S. (2023). Relationship between tumor budding and partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition in head and neck cancer. Cancers, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers15041111"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm3434","article-title":"TGF\u03b2 signalling in context","volume":"13","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009616666160216125634","article-title":"MT1-MMP activation of TGF-\u03b2 signaling enables intercellular activation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition program in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, J., Tian, X.J., and Xing, J. (2016). Signal transduction pathways of EMT induced by TGF-\u03b2, SHH, and WNT and their crosstalks. J. Clin. Med., 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm5040041"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1634\/theoncologist.2009-0289","article-title":"Changes in survival in head and neck cancers in the late 20th and early 21st century: A period analysis","volume":"15","author":"Pulte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oncologist"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19820915)50:6<1195::AID-CNCR2820500629>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Multiple simultaneous tumors in patients with head and neck cancer: A prospective, sequential panendoscopic study","volume":"50","author":"McGuirt","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1676","article-title":"Discordant p53 gene mutations in primary head and neck cancers and corresponding second primary cancers of the upper aerodigestive tract","volume":"53","author":"Chung","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"4855","article-title":"Mutations in the p53 tumor suppressor gene: Clues to cancer etiology and molecular pathogenesis","volume":"54","author":"Greenblatt","year":"1994","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.3233\/CBM-210275","article-title":"Droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantification of cell-free DNA TP53 target somatic mutations in oral cancer","volume":"33","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Biomark."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2017.07.030","article-title":"Role of CDKN2A\/p16 expression in the prognostication of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"73","author":"Padhi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2372","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04590-1","article-title":"Assembly and activation of the Hippo signalome by FAT1 tumor suppressor","volume":"9","author":"Martin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaay3324","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aay3324","article-title":"YAP1 is a potent driver of the onset and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"6","author":"Omori","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"701","article-title":"YAP promotes epithelial mesenchymal transition by upregulating Slug expression in human colorectal cancer cells","volume":"13","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.32604\/or.2022.026085","article-title":"The role of YAP in the control of the metastatic potential of oral cancer","volume":"29","author":"Ahmad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oncol. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc.2018.11","article-title":"The molecular landscape of head and neck cancer","volume":"18","author":"Leemans","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"ref_47","first-page":"1320","article-title":"FAT1 somatic mutations in head and neck carcinoma are associated with tumor progression and survival","volume":"39","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oraloncology.2008.06.002","article-title":"Global epidemiology of oral and oropharyngeal cancer","volume":"45","author":"Warnakulasuriya","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Oncol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2005.07.038","article-title":"Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Review of prognostic and predictive factors","volume":"102","author":"Massano","year":"2006","journal-title":"Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endodontol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18227","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15314","article-title":"Construction of a pathological risk model of occult lymph node metastases for prognostication by semi-automated image analysis of tumor budding in early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"8","author":"Pedersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3712","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25872","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: Tumor budding as a sign of invasion and metastasis in head and neck cancer","volume":"41","author":"Almangush","year":"2019","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2577","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2016.414","article-title":"Downregulation of miR-218 contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor metastasis in lung cancer by targeting Slug\/ZEB2 signaling","volume":"36","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2012.07.004","article-title":"Expression of laminin-5 and integrins in actinic cheilitis and superficially invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the lip","volume":"208","author":"Nico","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pathol. Res. Pract."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/jop.12121","article-title":"Laminin-5 gamma 2 chain expression is associated with intensity of tumor budding and density of stromal myofibroblasts in oral squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"43","author":"Rocha","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Oral Pathol. Med."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.10.036","article-title":"ROCK inhibitor and feeder cells induce the conditional reprogramming of epithelial cells","volume":"180","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","article-title":"Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1038\/s41592-018-0051-x","article-title":"Strelka2: Fast and accurate calling of germline and somatic variants","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv710","article-title":"Manta: Rapid detection of structural variants and indels for germline and cancer sequencing applications","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D933","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkac958","article-title":"Ensembl 2023","volume":"51","author":"Martin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4161\/fly.19695","article-title":"A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, SnpEff: SNPs in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster strain w1118; iso-2; iso-3","volume":"6","author":"Cingolani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fly"},{"key":"ref_61","unstructured":"(2024, July 19). Available online: http:\/\/www.genome.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp\/SnpDB\/."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.30","article-title":"In vitro scratch assay: A convenient and inexpensive method for analysis of cell migration in vitro","volume":"2","author":"Liang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat. Protoc."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18182","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.328831","article-title":"Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein suppresses adenoma-to-carcinoma transition in Apcmin\/+ mice via regulation of Snail-1 (SNAI) protein stability","volume":"287","author":"Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-015-2847-2","article-title":"An investigation of folic acid-protein association sites and the effect of this association on folic acid self-assembly","volume":"21","author":"Gupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mol. Model."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2017.4146","article-title":"Molecular analysis of keratocystic odontogenic tumor cell lines derived from sporadic and basal cell nevus syndrome patients","volume":"51","author":"Noguchi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2023.07.006","article-title":"Huge glandular odontogenic cyst: Report of a case and use of CRTC1\/3-MAML2 fusion gene analysis for diagnosis","volume":"36","author":"Ohmae","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. Med. Pathol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/7\/3347\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,9]],"date-time":"2025-10-09T17:09:31Z","timestamp":1760029771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/7\/3347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26073347"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26073347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]}}}