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AD is characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-\u03b2 (A\u03b2) plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau in the brain, leading to progressive memory loss and cognitive decline, significantly impairing daily life. In contrast, FTD is marked by selective degeneration of the frontal and\/or temporal lobes, typically resulting in profound changes in personality and social behavior, speech disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Numerous studies have found microRNAs (miRNAs)\u2014small, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally\u2014to be dysregulated in AD and FTD. As a result, miRNAs have emerged as promising novel biomarkers for these diseases. This review examines the current understanding of miRNAs in AD and FTD, emphasizing their potential as accessible, noninvasive biomarkers for diagnosing these prevalent neurodegenerative disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073399","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,23]],"date-time":"2025-04-23T20:43:17Z","timestamp":1745440997000},"page":"3399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Exploring the Role of microRNAs as Blood Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2433-7516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irene","family":"Petracci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-252X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Bellini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Goljanek-Whysall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TH33 Galway, Ireland"},{"name":"Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences (ILCAMS), University of Liverpool, L7 8TX Liverpool, UK"},{"name":"Galway RNA Research Cluster, University of Galway, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4011-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leo R.","family":"Quinlan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Discipline of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 TH33 Galway, Ireland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7829-1926","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Fiszer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology, Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Noskowskiego 12\/14, 61-704 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1382-6130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ali","family":"Cakmak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Ayazaga Campus, Istanbul Technical University, Re\u015fitpa\u015fa, Sar\u0131yer, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6527-9108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyrille Mesue","family":"Njume","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Engineering, Ayazaga Campus, Istanbul Technical University, Re\u015fitpa\u015fa, Sar\u0131yer, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Borroni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7691-1957","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberta","family":"Ghidoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Markers Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2015.03.005","article-title":"Defining the genetic connection linking amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with frontotemporal dementia (FTD)","volume":"31","author":"Lattante","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2008.01.004","article-title":"Loss of progranulin function in frontotemporal lobar degeneration","volume":"24","author":"Cruts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Genet."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2018.01.008","article-title":"13 reasons why the brain is susceptible to oxidative 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