{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T04:01:15Z","timestamp":1792036875946,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":151,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]],"date-time":"2025-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743897600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a common and potentially severe gastrointestinal condition characterized by acute inflammation of the pancreas. The pathophysiology of AP is multifactorial and intricate, involving a cascade of events that lead to pancreatic injury and systemic inflammation. The progression of AP is influenced by many factors, including genetic predispositions, environmental triggers, and immune dysregulation. Recent studies showed a critical involvement of the gut microbiota in shaping the immune response and modulating inflammatory processes during AP. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the emerging role of gut microbiota and probiotics in AP. We analyzed the implication of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of AP and the modification during an acute attack. The primary goals of microbiome-based therapies, which include probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and enteral nutrition, are to alter the composition of the gut microbial community and the amount of metabolites derived from the microbiota. By resetting the entire flora or supplementing it with certain beneficial organisms and their byproducts, these therapeutic approaches aim to eradicate harmful microorganisms, reducing inflammation and avoiding bacterial translocation and the potential microbiota-based therapeutic target for AP from nutrition to pre- and probiotic supplementation to fecal transplantation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26073433","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,7]],"date-time":"2025-04-07T11:24:39Z","timestamp":1744025079000},"page":"3433","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Exploring the Role of Gut Microbiota and Probiotics in Acute Pancreatitis: A Comprehensive Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Enrico Celestino","family":"Nista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Istituiti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5788-4068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Parello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Istituiti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mattia","family":"Brigida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gastroenterology Unit, Policlinico Universitario Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giulio","family":"Amadei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Istituiti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Saviano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Istituiti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3644-8063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara Sofia","family":"De Lucia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Istituiti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1025-1092","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmine","family":"Petruzziello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Research, 00165 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessio","family":"Migneco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Istituiti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), 00168 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8953-0707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronica","family":"Ojetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy, GVM Research, 00165 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, UniCamillus International Medical University of Rome, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001354","article-title":"Reducing hospitalization in mild acute pancreatitis: Results of long-term follow-up","volume":"55","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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