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E3 ubiquitin ligases, key regulators of protein degradation via the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome system, play a critical role in atrophic mechanisms. This meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and its objective was to evaluate the association between E3 ligases Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx)\/Atrogin-1 (Fbxo32) and Muscle RING-finger protein 1 (MuRF-1) (TRIM63) E3 ligase mRNA levels, reductions in skeletal muscle CSA measures, and atrophy conditions. We examined papers published on PubMed\u00ae, Scopus, and Web of Science that studied E3 ligase gene expression signatures for Fbxo32 (MAFbx\/Atrogin-1) and Trim63 (MuRF1) in different types of muscle atrophy and hypertrophy murine models. Twenty-nine studies selected by two independent raters were analyzed. Standardized mean differences (SMDs)\/effect sizes (ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated for the outcomes using fixed-effects models. We found that 6- and 4.8-fold upregulation, respectively, of Fbxo32 and Trim63 was sufficient to reduce the ES to \u22123.89 (95% CI: \u22124.45 to \u22123.32) for the muscle fiber cross-sectional area and the development of skeletal muscle atrophy. I\u00b2 and Q test statistics did not indicate heterogeneous data. There was a low probability of bias after both the funnel plot and Egger\u2019s test analyses. These results were sustained independently of the atrophic model and muscle type. Therefore, the magnitude of the increase in muscle Fbxo32 and Trim63 mRNA is a feasible, reliable molecular marker for skeletal muscle atrophy in mice. The next step for the Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) field involves elucidating the targets of E3 ligases, paving the way for diagnostic and treatment applications in humans.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083516","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1744184942000},"page":"3516","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Biomarkers of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy Based on Atrogenes Evaluation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Andr\u00e9 Luiz Gouv\u00eaa de","family":"Souza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna Luisa Rosa","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6116-9182","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camila Guerra","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosciences Applied to Health, Campus Renascen\u00e7a, Universidade Ceuma, S\u00e3o Luis 65075-120, MA, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7682-9431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia Costa de","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2141-518X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleonora","family":"Kurtenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-133-8-200010170-00015","article-title":"Cachexia","volume":"133","author":"Kotler","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. 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