{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T00:22:41Z","timestamp":1779927761866,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744156800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Qatar University","award":["QUCG-CHS-25\/26-736"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUCG-CHS-25\/26-736"]}]},{"name":"Qatar University","award":["QUST-1-CHS-2025-212"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["QUST-1-CHS-2025-212"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardio-rheumatology is an evolving and interdisciplinary field lying at the intersection of rheumatology and cardiovascular medicine that recognizes that individuals with autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic complications have a much higher likelihood of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes stimulated by the immune system after the detection of pathogens or cellular injury. Inflammasomes undergo a two-stage activation process initiated by nuclear factor (NF)-\u03baB, subsequently playing a crucial role in innate immunity through activation of caspase 1 and the consequent release of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-18 and IL-1\u03b2. However, a loss of control of inflammasome activation can cause inflammatory diseases in humans. Recent studies have focused on the role of inflammasomes in inflammatory cascades implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Here, we review inflammasome activation, its mechanism of action, and its role in CVD. In particular, we describe the role of inflammasomes in rheumatic heart disease, Kawasaki disease, familial Mediterranean fever, ankylosing spondylitis, and rheumatoid arthritis as exemplars to illustrate pathobiological mechanisms and the potential for targeting inflammasomes for therapeutic benefit.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T07:49:02Z","timestamp":1744184942000},"page":"3520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Cardio-Rheumatic Diseases: Inflammasomes Behaving Badly"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Farah","family":"Issa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6965-8925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marah","family":"Abdulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faizah D.","family":"Retnowati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huda","family":"Al-Khawaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-4115-4784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanin","family":"Alhiraky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid M.","family":"Al-Harbi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah 41477, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8705-0198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amal","family":"Al-Haidose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaid H.","family":"Maayah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4812-956X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atiyeh M.","family":"Abdallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health Sector, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu403","article-title":"Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Chronic Inflammation: Mechanisms Underlying Premature Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatologic Conditions","volume":"36","author":"Mason","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. 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