{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:08:54Z","timestamp":1760058534416,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Stazione Zoologica of Napoli","award":["PRIN 2022- MUR: 2022ZRZBJW","RICBASE_2024_CELLERINO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2022- MUR: 2022ZRZBJW","RICBASE_2024_CELLERINO"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009093","name":"Scuola Normale Superiore of Pisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PRIN 2022- MUR: 2022ZRZBJW","RICBASE_2024_CELLERINO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRIN 2022- MUR: 2022ZRZBJW","RICBASE_2024_CELLERINO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009093","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adult neurogenesis in cartilaginous fish remains a relatively unexplored area, particularly in terms of comparative analysis. This process, defined as the ability of specialized stem cells to generate new functional neurons, has gained prominence due to its relevance in neurodegenerative disease research and regenerative medicine. However, there is an ongoing discussion about when and where it first appeared. Evidence of adult neurogenesis in both teleosts and mammals highlights significant differences, such as the number of newly formed cells and the brain regions involved. Investigating additional cartilaginous fish species, which occupy a basal position in vertebrate phylogeny, could provide valuable insights into the ancient origins of this trait and potentially new general knowledge about the adult neurogenesis process. In this study, we combined immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to examine neurogenic activity in three brain regions\u2014the telencephalon, mesencephalon, and cerebellum\u2014of two batoid species: Raja asterias and Torpedo ocellata. Immunohistochemical methods were used to identify neurogenic cells by employing markers for cell proliferation (PCNA), mitosis (pH3), glial cells (S100B), and stem cells (Msi1). Additionally, in situ hybridization was performed to detect neural stem cell mRNA for Notch1, Notch3, and Sox2 in the telencephalon and mesencephalon of Raja asterias.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T07:41:51Z","timestamp":1744270911000},"page":"3563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Comparative Analysis of Localization and Composition of Adult Neurogenic Niches in the Chondrichthyans Raja asterias and Torpedo ocellata"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9491-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Bagnoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Laboratory (BIO@SNS), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide Lorenzo","family":"Drago","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Laboratory (BIO@SNS), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6394-9403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuele","family":"Astoricchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms Department (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3924-3635","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena","family":"Chiavacci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Laboratory (BIO@SNS), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Baldassarre","family":"Fronte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cellerino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology Laboratory (BIO@SNS), Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3317-1538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Terzibasi Tozzini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms Department (BEOM), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00055.2003","article-title":"Adult neurogenesis: From precursors to network and physiology","volume":"85","author":"Abrous","year":"2005","journal-title":"Physiol. 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