{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T07:19:32Z","timestamp":1789888772562,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)","award":["JP23K24261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K24261"]}]},{"name":"KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)","award":["JP24dk0207065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24dk0207065"]}]},{"name":"the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and a Research and Development Grant for Dementia","award":["JP23K24261"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K24261"]}]},{"name":"the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) and a Research and Development Grant for Dementia","award":["JP24dk0207065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP24dk0207065"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microglia and macrophages are critical mediators of immune responses in the central nervous system. Their roles range from homeostatic maintenance to the pathogenesis of autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. This review explores the origins of microglia and macrophages, as well as their mechanisms of activation, interactions with other neural cells, and contributions to disease progression and repair processes. It also highlights the translational relevance of insights gained from animal models and the therapeutic potential of targeting microglial and macrophage activity in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T10:47:41Z","timestamp":1744282061000},"page":"3585","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Microglia\/Macrophages in Autoimmune Demyelinating Encephalomyelitis (Multiple Sclerosis\/Neuromyelitis Optica)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Ryo","family":"Yamasaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tremblay, M.E., Lecours, C., Samson, L., Sanchez-Zafra, V., and Sierra, A. 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