{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:04:30Z","timestamp":1791345870504,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K07953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K07953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17H04192"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17H04192"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To clarify T-cell responses in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD), we cultured the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 24 patients with MOGAD and 20 with aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and those of 17 healthy controls (HCs), in the presence of fourteen MOG peptides covering the full-length MOG, five AQP4 peptides, two myelin basic protein peptides, or two proteolipid protein peptides. Then, we measured T-cell activation markers, such as cell surface CD69 and the intracellular production of granulocyte\u2013macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interferon-\u03b3 in CD4-positive T-cells, with a flow cytometer. The expression of CD69 in response to MOG p16\u201340 and MOG p181\u2013205 was significantly higher (Stimulation Index &gt; 2) in MOGAD than in HCs. Also, CD69 for AQP4 p21\u201340, AQP4 p211\u2013230, and MOG p166\u2013190 were significantly increased in NMOSD than in HCs. Intracellular GM-CSF production responding to MOG p16\u201340 was significantly higher in MOGAD than in HCs (p &lt; 0.05), although intracellular interferon-\u03b3 was not elevated. None of the responses to the other peptides were different between the groups. The present study showed subtle CD4-positive T-cell activation elicited by some MOG peptides alone in patients with MOGAD. Further studies of cytokines or other stimulation and alternative assay markers and metrics are needed to delineate the immunopathological roles of T-cells in MOGAD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083606","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T05:38:26Z","timestamp":1744349906000},"page":"3606","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["CD4-Positive T-Cell Responses to MOG Peptides in MOG Antibody-Associated Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hirohiko","family":"Ono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7311-2578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatsuro","family":"Misu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Namatame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0163-8105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuki","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshiki","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Nishiyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Kuroda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Yonezawa National Hospital, Yonezawa 992-1202, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Nakashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 983-8512, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3096-4156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuo","family":"Fujihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0845, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720001.x","article-title":"The Structure and Function of Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein","volume":"72","author":"Johns","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. 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