{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:10:35Z","timestamp":1791231035991,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Endothelial dysfunction (ED) promotes and maintains atrial fibrillation (AF). Using a CHA2DS2-VASc score in women and men with paroxysmal AF, we aimed to determine which patients\u2019 ED would be more pronounced. We recruited 47 females and 48 males (mean BMI 31 kg\/m2 and 30 kg\/m2, respectively) with paroxysmal AF and abnormal body mass and divided them into those with low (F &lt; 3; M &lt; 2) and high (F \u2265 3; M \u2265 2) CHA2DS2-VASC score. The blood samples were taken before AF ablation. Using Elisa tests, we measured tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1), von Willebrand factor (vWF), and thrombomodulin (sTM). ED was more pronounced in females, expressed by higher endothelial cell marker concentrations: sVCAM-1 and sTM in low scores and sICAM-1 in high scores, CHA2DS2-VASc. Females were characterized by postmenopausal status, higher risk of thrombosis, lower GFR, and more frequent treatment with antiarrhythmic drugs. In contrast, males have only higher suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). In conclusion, women with paroxysmal AF exhibited more pronounced ED compared to men, regardless of their CHA2DS2-VASc scores. The soluble pro-inflammatory adhesion molecules and thrombomodulin emerge as the most sensitive biomarkers of ED elevated in females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"3627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Assessment of Blood Endothelial Cell Biomarkers in Women and Men with Abnormal Body Mass and Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation Based on CHA2DS2-VASC Score: A Retrospective Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Wies\u0142aw","family":"Sikora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology with Internal Disease Subunit, Puszczykowo Hospital, 62-040 Puszczykowo, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8433-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dominika","family":"Kanikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5660-1268","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Budzianowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Collegium Medicum, University of Zielona G\u00f3ra, Nowa S\u00f3l Multidisciplinary Hospital, 67-100 Nowa Sol, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5846-6239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Kawka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rafa\u0142","family":"Rutkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6291-0814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Korybalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100786","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100786","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation: Epidemiology, screening and digital health","volume":"37","author":"Linz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Reg. 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