{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T01:50:38Z","timestamp":1788313838475,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":231,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Renal inflammatory diseases are a group of severe conditions marked by significant morbidity and mortality. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as facilitators of intercellular communication, have been recognized as pivotal regulators of renal inflammatory diseases, significantly contributing to these conditions by modulating immune responses among other mechanisms. This review highlights the intricate mechanisms through which EVs modulate macrophage-kidney cell interactions by regulating macrophages, the principal immune cells within the renal milieu. This regulation subsequently influences the pathophysiology of renal inflammatory diseases such as acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease. Furthermore, understanding these mechanisms offers novel opportunities to alleviate the severe consequences associated with renal inflammatory diseases. In addition, we summarize the therapeutic landscape based on EV-mediated macrophage regulatory mechanisms, highlighting the potential of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets as well as the challenges and limitations of translating therapies into clinical practice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083646","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"3646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extracellular Vesicles in Renal Inflammatory Diseases: Revealing Mechanisms of Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Macrophage Regulation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Jiatai","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijie","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Second Clinical Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaodong","family":"Kuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Teaching and Research Office, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.17.206441","article-title":"The Global Burden of Kidney Disease and the Sustainable Development Goals","volume":"96","author":"Luyckx","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bull. 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