{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T17:30:34Z","timestamp":1787506234836,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20190567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21968006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21968006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023GXNSFGA026001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXNSFGA026001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022WSF0901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022WSF0901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20190567"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20190567"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21968006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21968006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023GXNSFGA026001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023GXNSFGA026001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012547","name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022WSF0901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022WSF0901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012547","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A sustainable and efficient approach for converting carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) via heterogeneous catalysis is crucial for effectively utilizing biomass. In this study, we synthesized a series of CrX-polyphenol-formaldehyde resin (PTF) catalysts, which are composites of Cr-doped phenolic-resin-based hydrothermal carbon, using a chelation-assisted multicomponent co-assembly strategy. The performance of the synthesized catalysts was assessed through various analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, pyrolysis\u2013Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and Brunauer\u2013Emmett\u2013Teller analysis. Cr incorporation into the catalysts enhanced the total and Lewis acidities. Notably, the optimized catalyst, designated as Cr0.6-PTF, achieved an effective glucose conversion into HMF, yielding a maximum of 69.5% at 180 \u00b0C for 180 min in a saturated NaCl solution (NaClaq)\/dimethyl sulfoxide (2: 18) solvent system. Furthermore, Cr0.6-PTF maintained excellent catalytic activity and a stable chemical structure after nine cyclic reactions, resulting in a 63.8% HMF yield from glucose. This study revealed an innovative approach for utilizing metal-doped phenolic resin hydrothermal carbon to transform glucose into platform chemicals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"3648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Bifunctional Chromium-Doped Phenolic Porous Hydrothermal Carbon Catalysts for the Catalytic Conversion of Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Pize","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2587-9579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiming","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huimin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-3938-3550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chutong","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinghong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, School of Light Industrial and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2020.09.009","article-title":"Selective conversion of biomass-derived furfuryl alcohol into n-butyl levulinate over sulfonic acid functionalized TiO2 nanotubes","volume":"7","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Green Energy Environ."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gee.2020.06.013","article-title":"Synthesis of 2,5-diformylfuran from renewable carbohydrates and its applications: A review","volume":"6","author":"Dai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Green Energy Environ."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2018.07.035","article-title":"Synergistic effect of modified activated carbon and ionic liquid in the conversion of microcrystalline cellulose to 5-hydroxymethyl furfural","volume":"267","author":"Tyagi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. 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