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Building on previous in vitro studies, in vivo experiments were conducted to evaluate muscle strength, mass, fiber size, protein synthesis, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that AJHW significantly restored muscle strength, increased muscle mass, enhanced the expression of muscle synthesis markers, such as Akt and mTOR, and apoptosis inhibition markers, such as Bcl-2, compared to the muscle atrophy control. Muscle degradation markers, such as Atrogin1, MuRF1, FoxO3\u03b1, and the apoptosis activation marker Bax, were decreased compared to the muscle atrophy control. Additionally, AJHW significantly boosted the activity of antioxidant factors like SOD, catalase, and Gpx, suggesting its protective role against oxidative stress-induced muscle damage. The enhanced effects were attributed to the high content of hirsutanonol and hirsutenone, which synergized with oregonin, compounds, identified through phytochemical analysis. While these findings support the potential of AJHW as a candidate for preventing muscle loss, further studies are needed to confirm its efficacy across diverse atrophy models and to elucidate its exact mechanisms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"3656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of Alnus japonica Pilot Scale Hot Water Extracts on a Model of Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Loss and Muscle Atrophy in C57BL\/6 Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hyeon Du","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chan Ho","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye Eun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Hee","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9305-4769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry Coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae In","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Industry Coupled Cooperation Center for Bio Healthcare Materials, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sang Il","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2576-5435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Ju","family":"Cheong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Young","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Forest and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hee Kyu","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Gangwon State Forest Science Institute, 24, Hwamokwon-gil, Chuncheon-si 24207, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6306-0372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sun Eun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forest Biomaterials Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Dr.Oregonin Inc., #802 Bodeum Hall, Kangwondaehakgil 1, Chuncheon-si 24341, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2019536118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2019536118","article-title":"Demographic perspectives on the rise of longevity","volume":"118","author":"Vaupel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. 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