{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T23:27:27Z","timestamp":1787614047173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]],"date-time":"2025-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744502400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) influences the development and progression of neurodegenerative disorders in different ways. Homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism is related to that of asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and group B vitamins. The breakdown of the pathway involving nitric oxide (NO) and ADMA can be considered one of the causes of endothelial alteration that represents a crucial step in the development of several neurodegenerative disorders. Deficiencies of vitamins other than group B ones, such as D and A, have also been associated with central nervous system disorders. The aim of this narrative review is to describe the link between HHcy, ADMA, and vitamins in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD), Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD), and multiple sclerosis (MS) in terms of dysfunctional pathways and neuropathological processes, performing a literature search from 2015 to 2025 on PubMed. This review also provides an overview of the effects of vitamin supplementation on neurodegenerative diseases. The alteration of pathways involving NO production can lead to HHcy and elevated ADMA concentrations, causing neurodegeneration through various mechanisms, while vitamin supplementation has been shown to reduce Hcy levels, although with conflicting results about the improvement in clinical symptoms. Further studies are needed to develop optimal combined therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083672","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,14]],"date-time":"2025-04-14T06:18:36Z","timestamp":1744611516000},"page":"3672","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Impact of Alterations in Homocysteine, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Vitamins-Related Pathways in Some Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Narrative Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Caterina","family":"Saija","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8852-7023","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Curr\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Ientile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8593-9495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Caccamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0644-8418","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Paola","family":"Bertuccio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morpho-Functional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/17843286.2016.1138592","article-title":"Serum Levels of Homocysteine, Asymmetric Dimethylarginine and Nitric Oxide in Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"71","author":"Kirbas","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Clin. 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