{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T15:21:05Z","timestamp":1785252065471,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Limited data exist on the clinical outcomes and inflammatory response of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocols in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion (PSF). This study evaluates ERAS\u2019s impact by analyzing blood parameters and serum protein, surgical, and radiological parameters to assess safety, feasibility, and clinical outcomes. Between July 2021 and July 2022, 30 AIS patients underwent PSF with standardized pain management, high-dose tranexamic acid, early mobilization, and reduced opioid use. Blood tests and serum markers (IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, IL-1\u03b1, IL-10, TNF-\u03b1, IL-8, PGE2) were measured preoperatively and on postoperative day 2. Pain levels (VAS) were recorded preoperatively, on postoperative days 1 and 2, and at discharge. Results showed increased postoperative white blood cell counts, reduced hemoglobin and hematocrit, and elevated C-reactive protein levels. IL-6 was the only inflammatory marker significantly elevated, indicating a controlled inflammatory response. Pain peaked on day 1 but significantly decreased by discharge, confirming the effectiveness of multimodal analgesia. The average hospital stay was 6.97 \u00b1 2.03 days, with low rehospitalization (6.66%) and manageable complications (20%). In conclusion, ERAS effectively optimizes AIS patient recovery, stabilizing pain, reducing complications, and improving perioperative care.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083723","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T06:50:27Z","timestamp":1744699827000},"page":"3723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Clinical Outcomes and Inflammatory Response to the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Protocol in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Surgery: An Observational Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7402-4054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Salamanna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Tedesco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2123-9032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Sartori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8611-5794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deyanira","family":"Contartese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuela","family":"Asunis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Cini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6750-9376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Veronesi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Martikos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milena","family":"Fini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7843-5969","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gianluca","family":"Giavaresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Surgical Sciences and Technologies, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via di Barbiano 1\/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gasbarrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5413.108875","article-title":"Current concepts and controversies on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Part I","volume":"47","author":"Sud","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J. 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