{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T20:29:24Z","timestamp":1793824164959,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Project of Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital","award":["TCRD112-049"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD112-049"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease. Our previous study demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (HUCMSCs), which play a crucial role in regenerative medicine, have therapeutic effects on OA. Additionally, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used in musculoskeletal diseases as it promotes wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling; however, its efficacy as a stand-alone therapy remains controversial. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effects of combining stem cell-derived EVs with PRP in an OA model. HUCMSC-derived EVs treated with PRP were used as the experimental group, whereas HUCMSC-derived EVs cultured with serum-free (SF) or exosome-depleted fetal bovine serum (exo(-)FBS) and PRP served as controls. PRP-treated HUCMSCs maintained their surface antigen characteristics and potential to differentiate into adipocytes, osteoblasts, and chondrocytes. In the OA model, mice treated with HUCMSCs + 5% PRP-derived EVs showed significantly improved motor function compared to controls and were comparable to those treated with HUCMSCs +SF and +exo(-)FBS-derived EVs. Additionally, increased type II collagen and aggrecan and decreased IL-1\u03b2 expression were observed in cartilage transplanted with various EVs. In conclusion, PRP enhances HUCMSC differentiation, whereas treatment with EVs improves OA outcomes, providing a promising strategy for future clinical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083785","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:16:21Z","timestamp":1744863381000},"page":"3785","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Enhancing the Therapeutic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Osteoarthritis: The Role of Platelet-Rich Plasma and Extracellular Vesicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yu-Hsun","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun-Chi","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthopedics, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dah-Ching","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reth.2020.07.007","article-title":"Degenerative Osteoarthritis a Reversible Chronic Disease","volume":"15","year":"2020","journal-title":"Regen. 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