{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T22:16:06Z","timestamp":1792620966212,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["Fondecyt 1200610"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondecyt 1200610"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["Fondecyt 11190972"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondecyt 11190972"]}]},{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo (ANID)","award":["Fondecyt 1240262"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Fondecyt 1240262"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) plays a pivotal role in the renin\u2013angiotensin system, modulating blood pressure and electrolyte homeostasis by deactivating bradykinin and activating angiotensin II. Metabolites from Senecio nutans (1 and 3), a plant indigenous to the Andean region of the Atacama Desert, and their respective oximes, 2 and 4, were subjected to molecular docking analysis, employing six ACE crystal structures. ACE activity assays revealed that oximes exhibited superior inhibitory effects compared to metabolites. Among the compounds investigated, 2 emerged as the most potent ACE inhibitor (2 = 11.5 \u03bcM and 4 = 13.4 \u03bcM). The vascular contractile response to Angiotensin I showed significant (p &lt; 0.05) reductions in Ang I contraction with 2, 3, and 4 (97 \u00b1 6%, 81 \u00b1 6%, 81 \u00b1 3% compared to control), while 1 exhibited no such effect. These results reinforce the potential of 2 as a promising ACE inhibitor and highlight its impact on vascular contractility. As such, it is a promising candidate for ACE inhibition and hypertension treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083786","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]],"date-time":"2025-04-17T04:16:21Z","timestamp":1744863381000},"page":"3786","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Metabolites Isolated from Senecio nutans Sch. Bip and Their Synthesized Oximes Inhibit Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme Activity in Vascular Smooth Muscle"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7997-9295","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Palacios","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Villarroel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7498-2121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Asunci\u00f3n-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Bioqu\u00edmica Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Arturo Prat, Iquique 1110939, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5922-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fredi","family":"Cifuentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiolog\u00eda Experimental, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento Biom\u00e9dico, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1240000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3332-8582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Productos Naturales, Departamento de Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ciencias B\u00e1sicas, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile"},{"name":"Laboratorio de Qu\u00edmica Biol\u00f3gica, Instituto Antofagasta, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1271155, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7092-9382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chukwuemeka R.","family":"Nwokocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences Physiology Section, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, Mona Campus, Kingston 7, Jamaica"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8360-8027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Castro-\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ciencias Precl\u00ednicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 01145, Temuco 4780000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7356-2782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudio","family":"Parra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Qu\u00edmica Org\u00e1nica, Facultad de Ciencias Qu\u00edmicas, Universidad de Concepci\u00f3n, Edmundo Larenas 129, Concepci\u00f3n 4070371, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2024, May 25). Hypertension. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/hypertension."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0244-2","article-title":"The global epidemiology of hypertension","volume":"16","author":"Mills","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. 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