{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T18:13:30Z","timestamp":1789582410255,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]],"date-time":"2025-04-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745020800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute on Aging Grant","award":["1K24AG064114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K24AG064114"]}]},{"name":"National Institute on Aging Grant","award":["5R01NS097783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01NS097783"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K24AG064114"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K24AG064114"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Grant","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5R01NS097783"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5R01NS097783"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysregulated dopamine (DA) release in the mesocorticolimbic circuit is noted in Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) patients with impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs). However, the effect of acute DA release on mood, the localization of this process, and the phenotypic differences in patients with ICB remain unknown. We applied a placebo-controlled dextro-amphetamine (dAMPH) study in 20 PD patients: 10 with ICBs (PD-ICB) and 10 without (PD-C). Subjective mood experiences were measured with well-described self-reported measures including the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Drug Effects Questionnaire (DEQ), and Amphetamine Interview Rating Scale (AIRS). D2-like receptor availability was measured as non-displaceable binding potential (BPND) using PET imaging with the high-affinity D2\/3 receptor ligand [18F]-fallypride. Among all the subjects, dAMPH increased the PANAS positive, DEQ feel, DEQ high, and AIRS total scores. Increases in the PANAS positive and AIRS total scores were greater in the PD-ICB cohort. A mixed-effects model correlated these questionnaire changes with dAMPH-induced reductions in BPND in the ventral striatum (VS), caudate, amygdala, and caudo-medial orbitofrontal cortex. The baseline caudate, VS, and amygdala BPND positively correlated with lower on-dAMPH PANAS positive scores. Elevated mood symptoms of acute dAMPH administration in PD are linked to DA release in the mesocorticolimbic regions. Distinctions in behavioral effects among PD-ICB subjects emphasize that dysregulated striatal and extra-striatal DA-ergic networks alter mood responses to stimulated DA release and may also contribute to behavioral changes resulting from DA-targeting therapies in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,20]],"date-time":"2025-04-20T20:24:16Z","timestamp":1745180656000},"page":"3866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Behavioral Effects of Stimulated Dopamine Release and D2-like Receptor Displacement in Parkinson\u2019s Patients with Impulse-Control Disorder"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3924-8455","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan A.","family":"Aumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sean J.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1590-4144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander K.","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn R.","family":"O\u2019Rourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9753-7071","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Trujillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0455-7450","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hakmook","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9853-4902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel O.","family":"Claassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390701","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/390701","article-title":"An exploration of apathy and impulsivity in Parkinson disease","volume":"2012","author":"Ahearn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Curr. 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