{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T03:10:00Z","timestamp":1792120200532,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":172,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 113-2314-B-030-007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2314-B-030-007"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 113-2515-S-030-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 113-2515-S-030-001"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council","award":["NSTC 114-2918-I-030-001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2918-I-030-001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders and stroke, represent significant medical challenges due to their complexity and the limitations of current treatment approaches. This review explores the potential of stem cell (SC)-derived exosomes (Exos) as a transformative therapeutic strategy for these diseases. Exos, especially those derived from SCs, exhibit natural targeting ability, biocompatibility, and the capacity to cross the blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB), making them ideal vehicles for drug delivery. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the properties and advantages of SC-Exos. It highlights their potential synergistic benefits in therapeutic approaches to treat neurological diseases. This article discusses the mechanisms of action of SC-Exos, highlighting their ability to target specific cells, modulate disease pathways, and provide controlled release of therapeutic agents. Applications in specific neurological disorders have been investigated, demonstrating the potential to improve outcomes in conditions such as Alzheimer\u2019s Disease (AD), Parkinson\u2019s Disease (PD), and stroke. Moreover, Exos-coated nanoparticles (NPs) combine the natural properties of Exos with the multifunctionality of NPs. This integration takes advantage of exosome membrane biocompatibility and targeting capabilities while preserving NPs\u2019 beneficial features, such as drug loading and controlled release. As a result, Exos-coated NPs may enhance the precision, efficacy, and safety of therapeutic interventions. In conclusion, SC-Exos represent a promising and innovative approach to treating neurological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26083915","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]],"date-time":"2025-04-21T20:42:00Z","timestamp":1745268120000},"page":"3915","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["A Review of the Neuroprotective Properties of Exosomes Derived from Stem Cells and Exosome-Coated Nanoparticles for Treating Neurodegenerative Diseases and Stroke"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2226-7676","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J. B.","family":"Nicol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology & Molecular Medicine and Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, and Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Sinclair Cancer Research Institute, Queen\u2019s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Chang","family":"Chiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Science, College of Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lamptey, R.N.L., Chaulagain, B., Trivedi, R., Gothwal, A., Layek, B., and Singh, J. (2022). A Review of the Common Neurodegenerative Disorders: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Potential Role of Nanotherapeutics. Int. J. Mol. 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