{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:12:26Z","timestamp":1760058746517,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745452800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro whether the type of tooth preservation before treatment with the Tooth Transformer\u00ae (TT) device affects the osteoinductive characteristics of the extracted tooth. Forty extracted teeth from healthy non-smoking patients were selected. All teeth were cleaned of caries, tartar, and filling material and then roughly sectioned and divided into four experimental groups according to storage type: room-temperature (RT) tooth samples, frozen tooth samples, RIPA tooth samples, and fresh tooth samples. Each sample was minced, demineralized, and disinfected using the TT device. The Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) test revealed the presence of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and collagen type-I (COL-I) in all of the samples, demonstrating that the fresh teeth retained the most significant amount of osteoinductive protein. In contrast, the tooth samples stored at room temperature (RT) showed the most important loss of BMP-2 and COL-I. A Western Blot analysis demonstrated the presence of the Mineralization Protein LIM-1 (LMP-1) and Transforming Growth Factor-\u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) in all of the dental samples analyzed. The fresh and frozen dental samples showed significantly higher levels of LMP-1 than those in the other samples. In contrast, the levels of TGF-\u03b2 were similar in all of the dental samples examined, regardless of the type of storage. These experimental results suggest that an extracted tooth should be treated with the TT device as soon as possible to maximize its osteoinductive potential in surgical bone preservation and regeneration procedures.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]],"date-time":"2025-04-24T11:44:52Z","timestamp":1745495092000},"page":"4044","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Influence of Different Preservation Protocols on the Teeth\u2019s Osteoinductive Characteristics: An In Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3746-5675","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filiberto","family":"Mastrangelo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli n. 60, 77100 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1580-6520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Franceschelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6644-2773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ciro","family":"Annicchiarico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, Viale Ferruccio Parri, 6, 74023 Grottaglie, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Annicchiarico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dentistry Student, University \u201cA. Moro\u201d Bari Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Elena","family":"Bizzoca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Rovelli n. 60, 77100 Foggia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"De Cecco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0715-1550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosalba La","family":"Gioia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 70121 Bari, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4619-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriele","family":"Cervino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical, Dental and Morphological and Functional Imaging Sciences, University of Messina Piazza Pugliatti, 98122 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Pesce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s10823-012-9170-5","article-title":"Vulnerability and the psychosocial aspects of tooth loss in old age: A Southern Brazilian study","volume":"27","author":"Leal","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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