{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T01:36:51Z","timestamp":1788831411164,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":101,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","award":["AA112044-001-04000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA112044-001-04000"]}]},{"name":"AFRRI Intramural funding","award":["AA112044-001-04000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA112044-001-04000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is an escalating need to comprehend the long-term impacts of nuclear radiation exposure since the permeation of ionizing radiation has been frequent in our current societal framework. A system evaluation of the microbes that reside inside a host\u2019s colon could meet this knowledge gap since the microbes play major roles in a host\u2019s response to stress. Indeed, our past study suggested that these microbes might break their symbiotic association with moribund hosts to form a pro-survival condition exclusive to themselves. In this study, we undertook metagenomics and metabolomics assays regarding the descending colon content (DCC) of adult mice. DCCs were collected 1 month and 6 months after 7 Gy or 7.5 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). The assessment of the metagenomic diversity profile in DCC found a significant sex bias caused by TBI. Six months after 7.5 Gy TBI, decreased Bacteroidetes were replaced by increased Firmicutes in males, and these alterations were reflected in the functional analysis. For instance, a larger number of networks linked to small chain fatty acid (SCFA) synthesis and metabolism were inhibited in males than in females. Additionally, bioenergy networks showed regression dynamics in females at 6 months post-TBI. Increased accumulation of glucose and pyruvate, which are typical precursors of beneficial SCFAs coupled with the activated networks linked to the production of reactive oxygen species, suggest a cross-sex energy-deprived state. Overall, there was a major chronic adverse implication in male mice that supported the previous literature in suggesting females are more radioresistant than males. The sex-biased chronic effects of TBI should be taken into consideration in designing the pertinent therapeutics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T07:49:36Z","timestamp":1745912976000},"page":"4227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Delayed Impact of Ionizing Radiation Depends on Sex: Integrative Metagenomics and Metabolomics Analysis of Rodent Colon Content"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Nabarun","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory","family":"Holmes-Hampton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Rusling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6321-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vidya P.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4939-7515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Allison","family":"Hoke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander B.","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"},{"name":"Vysnova, Inc., Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aarti","family":"Gautam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0261-460X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanchita P.","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20889-5603, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasha","family":"Hammamieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1007\/s10147-020-01662-5","article-title":"Management of gastrointestinal perforation related to radiation","volume":"25","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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