{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T15:59:04Z","timestamp":1791734344403,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS442"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAAS-ASTIP-ISAPS-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ASTIP-ISAPS-2024"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007847","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023YFD1601600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1601600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007847","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS442"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["CAAS-ASTIP-ISAPS-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ASTIP-ISAPS-2024"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund","award":["2023YFD1601600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1601600"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["YDZJ202201ZYTS442"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YDZJ202201ZYTS442"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["CAAS-ASTIP-ISAPS-2024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAAS-ASTIP-ISAPS-2024"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program","award":["2023YFD1601600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023YFD1601600"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated whether ginsenoside Rg1 (G-Rg1) alleviated acute gouty arthritis (AGA) in rats by modulating the TLR4\/NLRP3 pathway and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. Rats were orally administered G-Rg1 or colchicine (Col) for 7 days, and monosodium urate (MSU) was injected into the ankle joints on day 5 to induce AGA. Joint swelling, histopathology (HE staining), and serum markers (MPO, NE, MPO-DNA, IL-6, IL-1\u03b2; ELISA) were assessed at the baseline and 6\u201336 h post-modeling. Western blot and immunofluorescence analyzed the NET-related and TLR4\/NLRP3 pathway proteins in synovial tissue. G-Rg1 significantly reduced ankle swelling and synovial inflammation compared with the AGA group, lowered the serum IL-6, IL-1\u03b2, MPO, NE, and MPO-DNA levels, and suppressed NET-associated protein expression. Mechanistically, G-Rg1 downregulated TLR4\/NLRP3 pathway activation in synovial tissue. These findings suggest that G-Rg1 mitigates AGA by inhibiting TLR4\/NLRP3 signaling, thereby reducing inflammatory cytokine release and NET formation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T09:00:39Z","timestamp":1745917239000},"page":"4233","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Based on the TLR4\/NLRP3 Pathway and Its Impact on the Formation of NETs to Explore the Mechanism of Ginsenoside Rg1 on Acute Gouty Arthritis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhiman","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiang","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhilong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing 401300, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiyue","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130112, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1889-4984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yinshi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2509","article-title":"Developments in the scientific and clinical understanding of gout","volume":"10","author":"So","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. 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