{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T20:08:40Z","timestamp":1792181320735,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745971200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Santiago of Chile University\u2019s Directorate of Scientific and Technological Research (Dicyt-USACH)","award":["022142 SS_Postdoc\/USA1956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["022142 SS_Postdoc\/USA1956"]}]},{"name":"Santiago of Chile University\u2019s Directorate of Scientific and Technological Research (Dicyt-USACH)","award":["1230628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230628"]}]},{"name":"National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT)","award":["022142 SS_Postdoc\/USA1956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["022142 SS_Postdoc\/USA1956"]}]},{"name":"National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDECYT)","award":["1230628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230628"]}]},{"name":"fund for Scholarship Support for Research Thesis and Student Mobility of the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology (FyQ, USACH)","award":["022142 SS_Postdoc\/USA1956"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["022142 SS_Postdoc\/USA1956"]}]},{"name":"fund for Scholarship Support for Research Thesis and Student Mobility of the Faculty of Chemistry and Biology (FyQ, USACH)","award":["1230628"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1230628"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Designing a highly sensitive and efficient functionalized electrode for precise drug analysis remains a significant challenge. In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with phenyl diazonium salts (ph) and electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (ERGO), labeled GCE\/ph\/ERGO, was developed for the detection of paracetamol (PAR) in pharmaceutical matrices using square wave voltammetry (SWV). The modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Compared to the bare GCE, the GCE\/ph\/ERGO sensor demonstrated significantly improved conductivity and anodic current peak for PAR over two orders of magnitude higher, indicating a substantial enhancement in electrochemical performance. Under optimized conditions, the developed sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 18.2 nM and a quantification limit of 60.6 nM. Precision studies yielded relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 8%. The sensor demonstrated excellent selectivity in the presence of common pharmaceutical excipients and high accuracy in the analysis of generic pharmaceutical formulations, with results comparable to those obtained by the HPLC technique. These findings confirm the sensor\u2019s reliability, stability, robustness, and suitability for routine analysis of PAR in pharmaceutical samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]],"date-time":"2025-04-30T05:50:17Z","timestamp":1745992217000},"page":"4267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Covalently Bound Sensor for Paracetamol Voltammetric Determination"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3249-6568","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amaya","family":"Paz de la vega","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7131-4440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiana","family":"Liendo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-8719-7056","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan","family":"Pich\u00fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector\u2014MIGA (ICN2021_023), Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0517-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johisner","family":"Penagos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5747-2357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Segura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1134-4469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Jes\u00fas","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry of Materials, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago 9170022, Chile"},{"name":"Millennium Institute on Green Ammonia as Energy Vector\u2014MIGA (ICN2021_023), Santiago 7820436, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2025, February 10). 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