{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T03:15:56Z","timestamp":1773976556812,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746403200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ion channels play a crucial role in various physiological processes, yet their functions in the reproductive system remain underexplored. This study investigates the expression and the localization of ASIC2, ASIC4, and PIEZO2 ion channels in the reproductive tracts of prepubertal bitches. Western blotting on samples from eight prepubertal bitches confirmed the presence of these ion channels in ovarian, uterine, and uterine tubes tissues, and validated antibody specificity. Immunohistochemistry revealed that all primordial follicles expressed these ion channels, while only some developing follicles showed immunolabeling. These findings suggest ion channels\u2019 potential involvement in oocyte differentiation and maturation. The localization of these channels in uterine tubes, uterine lining, and glandular epithelium suggests a role in tissue maintenance, oocyte transport, and embryo implantation. Additionally, their expression in the tunica media of reproductive vasculature points to a potential role in vascular regulation. Future studies are needed to elucidate the specific mechanisms underlying the role of these channels in reproductive physiology.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]],"date-time":"2025-05-05T21:42:09Z","timestamp":1746481329000},"page":"4388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ion-Channel Proteins in the Prepubertal Bitch Reproductive System: The Immunolocalization of ASIC2, ASIC4, and PIEZO2"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9432-4588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamel","family":"Mhalhel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6054-0867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mauro","family":"Cavallaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Pansera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gianluca Antonio","family":"Franco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Montalbano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6847-880X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosaria","family":"Laur\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8399-5941","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Abbate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-3619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonino","family":"German\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Levanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5551-9326","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marialuisa","family":"Aragona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zebrafish Neuromorphology Lab, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario dell\u2019 Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2010.08.028","article-title":"Reproductive Cycles of the Domestic Bitch","volume":"124","author":"Concannon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Anim. 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