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structural and immunological environment of the jawbone. The mechanical stress generated during chewing initiates bone remodeling through the coordinated activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, with these processes being modulated by immune cell responses. This review summarizes the interaction between masticatory forces and jawbone immunity, focusing on key mechanisms such as mechanotransduction in osteocytes, macrophage polarization, and the activation of T cells. The review also delves into the role of the receptor activator of nuclear factor \u03ba-B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor \u03ba-B (RANK), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) signaling pathway, highlighting its critical function in bone resorption and immune regulation. Additionally, the review summarizes how masticatory forces modulate the immune response through changes in immune cells, particularly focusing on cytokines, and the involvement of hormonal and molecular pathways. These findings provide valuable insights into the complex interplay between mechanical forces and immune cells, with implications for bone health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104478","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]],"date-time":"2025-05-08T06:47:15Z","timestamp":1746686835000},"page":"4478","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Role of Masticatory Force in Modulating Jawbone Immunity and Bone Homeostasis: A Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yue","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics (WangFuJing Campus), School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Scylla alley No. 11, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0131-4015","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yao","family":"Jiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yitong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Tian Tan Xi Li No. 4, Beijing 100050, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijia","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Orthodontics (WangFuJing Campus), School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Scylla alley No. 11, Beijing 100069, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, Y., Jia, L., Zheng, Y., and Li, W. 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