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D) deficiency (VDD) disrupts the development of key tissues involved in metabolic regulation, including the endocrine pancreas, white adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), essential for thermoregulation and energy homeostasis, may also be affected, but the impact of perinatal VDD on BAT physiology remains unclear. In this study, forty female Wistar rats were fed either a standard AIN93G diet (1000 IU Vit. D3\/kg; control group, CT) (n = 20) or a modified AIN93G diet lacking Vit. D (VDD group) (n = 20) for six weeks prior to conception and throughout gestation and lactation. Male offspring were evaluated at weaning (PN21) and adulthood (PN180) after Vit. D status was normalized through a standard diet. We found that perinatal VDD reduced total lipid droplet area, increased oxygen consumption, and upregulated thermogenic gene expression in BAT at weaning. Correspondingly, VDD offspring exhibited greater cold tolerance and enhanced BAT recruitment upon cold exposure (4 \u00b0C). Notably, normalization of Vit. D status by adulthood fully reversed these changes, indicating that while perinatal VDD transiently enhances BAT thermogenic activity during early life, it does not produce lasting effects into adulthood.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104534","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]],"date-time":"2025-05-09T06:18:51Z","timestamp":1746771531000},"page":"4534","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Perinatal Vitamin D Deficiency Enhances Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Weanling Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0383-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus L.","family":"Moro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natany G.","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline Z.","family":"Schavinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o B. Camargo","family":"Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry\/Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5738-9374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Assis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry\/Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5384-3966","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathas R.","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7464-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luciane C.","family":"Albericci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isis C.","family":"Kettelhut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry\/Immunology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiz C. C.","family":"Navegantes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aiello, G., Lombardo, M., and Baldelli, S. (2024). Exploring Vitamin D Synthesis and Function in Cardiovascular Health: A Narrative Review. Appl. Sci., 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/app14114339"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1590\/S0004-27302011000800010","article-title":"O sistema endocrinol\u00f3gico vitamina D","volume":"55","author":"Castro","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arq. Bras. Endocrinol. 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