{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T02:47:36Z","timestamp":1790650056023,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The differential diagnosis of erosive osteoarthritis of the hand (EHOA) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is challenging, especially considering the absence of specific diagnostic biomarkers. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether a pattern of microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-21, miR-140, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-181a, miR-223), pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-6, IL-17a, IL-23a, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1], and adipokines (adiponectin, chemerin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin) could help to differentiate EHOA from PsA. Fifty patients with EHOA, fifty patients with PsA, and fifty healthy subjects (HS) were studied. The gene expression of miRNAs and cytokines were evaluated by real-time PCR from peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum levels of cytokines and adipokines were quantified by ELISA in PsA and EHOA patients and HS. Gene expression showed the significant up-regulation of the analyzed miRNAs in EHOA and PsA patients as compared to HS and higher miR-155 in EHOA vs. PsA patients. The expression levels of IL-1\u03b2 and IL-6 did not show any significant differences between EHOA and PsA, while IL-17a and IL-23a were significantly up-regulated in PsA compared to EHOA. Circulating TNF-\u03b1 levels were higher in EHOA compared to PsA, while PsA patients exhibited significantly elevated levels of IL-23a. The combination of miR-155 with C-reactive protein enhanced the ability to differentiate EHOA from PsA, further supporting the potential of miR-155 as a diagnostic biomarker.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T10:58:07Z","timestamp":1747047487000},"page":"4621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Can Circulating MicroRNAs, Cytokines, and Adipokines Help to Differentiate Psoriatic Arthritis from Erosive Osteoarthritis of the Hand? A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7325-5579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Fioravanti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 53100 Siena, Italy (Previously Responsible for the Clinic for the Diagnosis and Management of Hand Osteoarthritis, of the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1796-0422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Cheleschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0947-2226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Etienne","family":"Cavalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Li\u00e8ge, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Yves","family":"Reginster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Majed","family":"Alokail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5316-3108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Ladang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, CHU de Li\u00e8ge, University of Li\u00e8ge, 4000 Liege, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Tenti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, 52100 Arezzo, Italy (Previously Responsible for the Clinic for the Diagnosis and Management of Hand Osteoarthritis, of the Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Policlinico Le Scotte, 53100 Siena, Italy)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1495-9306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giorgio","family":"Bedogni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Primary Health Care, Internal Medicine Unit Addressed to Frailty and Aging, S. 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