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Recent evidence suggests that microglia can be infected with HIV-1 in the active, persistent, or latent replication stages. The molecular mechanisms governing these stages of infection are still the subject of continuous study. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between HIV-1 infection and two lncRNAs, NEAT1 and ZBTB11-AS1, on different days post-infection. We found that on days 1 and 4 post-infection, HIV-1 was actively replicating; meanwhile, by day 21, HIV-1 had entered a persistent stage. We also noted that the expression levels of NEAT1 and ZBTB11-AS1 varied during these different stages of HIV-1 infection in microglia, as did their subcellular localization. We performed an interaction network analysis and identified DDX3X and ZC3HAV1 as hypothetically related to NEAT1 and ZBTB11-AS1 in the C20 human microglial cell line. Additionally, we determined that IL-6, a cytokine regulated by DDX3X and ZC3HAV1, exhibits changes in protein expression levels during both active and persistent HIV-1 infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T11:02:27Z","timestamp":1747306947000},"page":"4745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Involvement of lncRNAs NEAT1 and ZBTB11-AS1 in Active and Persistent HIV-1 Infection in C20 Human Microglial Cell Line"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Pereira-Montecinos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidora","family":"Pittet-D\u00edaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isidora","family":"Morales-Vejar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catalina","family":"Millan-Hidalgo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Rojas-Celis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3091-2700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Vallejos-Vidal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"N\u00facleo de Investigaci\u00f3n en Producci\u00f3n y Salud de Especies Acu\u00e1ticas (NIP-SEA), Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Agronom\u00eda, Universidad De Las Am\u00e9ricas, La Florida, Santiago 8250122, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Nanociencia y Nanotecnolog\u00eda (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Acu\u00edcola, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5001-457X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe E.","family":"Reyes-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Biotecnolog\u00eda Acu\u00edcola, Facultad de Qu\u00edmica y Biolog\u00eda, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170002, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Loreto F.","family":"Fuenzalida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8910060, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Reyes-Cerpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Gen\u00f3mica y Bioinform\u00e1tica, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"},{"name":"Escuela de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingenier\u00eda y Tecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Toro-Ascuy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad of Chile, Santiago 7800003, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11343","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.17.11343-11352.2005","article-title":"Phylodynamic Analysis of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Distinct Brain Compartments Provides a Model for the Neuropathogenesis of AIDS","volume":"79","author":"Salemi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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