{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T19:58:32Z","timestamp":1790625512997,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747353600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are widely used for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), conferring cardiovascular and renal benefits with evidence supporting their role in metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), the fastest rising etiology for liver cirrhosis. Our study collects and synthesizes all available data on SGLT2I use in liver cirrhosis to summarize their potential benefits and risks. We systematically reviewed the literature on SGLT2I use in adults with cirrhosis, focusing on 6 outcome domains, including ascites reduction, disease progression, hemodynamics, acute kidney injury (AKI), electrolyte abnormalities, and infection risk. We identified 16 studies: compensated (n = 5), decompensated (n = 3), and refractory ascites (n = 8). All studies of decompensated cirrhosis (n = 11) reported ascites reduction. Most studies (7 of 9) indicated SGLT2Is slowed disease progression by reducing clinical decompensation (n = 4) or improving laboratory markers (n = 3). A minority of studies revealed safety concerns with 2 of 9 studies showing evidence of hemodynamic instability and acute kidney injury (AKI), 2 out of 13 for electrolyte abnormalities, and 2 out of 5 for infection risk. Current evidence strongly supports SGLT2Is for refractory ascites management and suggests potential benefits in slowing progression across cirrhosis severities. Longer-term prospective trials in patients with non-refractory decompensated cirrhosis and real-world safety data are essential to clarify and potentially expand the role of SGLT2Is in cirrhosis management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T08:32:29Z","timestamp":1747384349000},"page":"4781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review of Their Role in Ascites Management, Slowing Disease Progression, and Safety"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-5344-3191","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sudheer","family":"Dhoop","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sami","family":"Ghazaleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Life Sciences, The University of Toledo, 3000 Arlington Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Shehada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manthanbhai","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1744-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wade-Lee","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Library, The University of Toledo, 2801 W. Bancroft St., Toledo, OH 43606, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Rabeeah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6751-619X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bisher","family":"Sawaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7211-9118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Priya","family":"Vadehra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, 4841 Cass Ave., Detroit, MI 48201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The University of Toledo, 3333 Glendale Ave., Toledo, OH 43614, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Padda, I.S., Mahtani, A.U., and Parmar, M. 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