{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:18:03Z","timestamp":1760059083090,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-74-10009","0088-2024-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-74-10009","0088-2024-0012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Government basic research program in the Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences","award":["22-74-10009","0088-2024-0012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-74-10009","0088-2024-0012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), like fluoxetine, are increasingly used by women of a reproductive age, raising concerns about their impact on oocyte quality and early embryonic development. This study investigated the effects of chronic fluoxetine exposure on oocyte maturation, ovulation, and embryonic development in a mouse model. Female mice were administered fluoxetine via drinking water, and their reproductive outcomes were compared to those of control mice. Oocyte quantity and quality were assessed following superovulation, including the analysis of spindle morphology, chromatin configuration, and maturation markers. In vitro maturation assays were conducted to evaluate the developmental competence of oocytes exposed to fluoxetine. Finally, the impact of fluoxetine on blastocyst formation, litter size, offspring growth, and ovarian reserve was examined. The results show that fluoxetine treatment reduced the number of ovulated oocytes but did not significantly affect oocyte quality or meiotic spindle formation. Fluoxetine exposure impaired cytoplasmic maturation at the germinal vesicle stage, resulting in a lower proportion of fully mature oocytes and reduced in vitro maturation efficiency. While blastocyst numbers were modestly reduced in fluoxetine-treated mice, litter size and offspring ovarian reserve were unaffected. Unexpectedly, offspring of fluoxetine-treated mothers exhibited increased body weight. These findings suggest that while fluoxetine may impair oocyte developmental competence through disruptions in cytoplasmic maturation, it does not severely compromise overall reproductive outcomes or offspring fertility.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26104858","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T11:54:26Z","timestamp":1747655666000},"page":"4858","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Impact of Chronic Fluoxetine Exposure on Oocyte Development and Reproductive Outcomes in a Mouse Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1475-0981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria D.","family":"Tkachenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina M.","family":"Alyoshina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulia O.","family":"Nikishina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8401-3367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika S.","family":"Frolova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9238-9206","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis A.","family":"Nikishin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.12750\/JARB.35.1.2","article-title":"The Making of a Competent Oocyte\u2014A Review of Oocyte Development and Its Regulation","volume":"35","author":"Tukur","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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