{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T16:53:59Z","timestamp":1775840039153,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Gdansk","award":["533-D000-GA16-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["533-D000-GA16-24"]}]},{"name":"University of Gdansk","award":["OPUS17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS17"]}]},{"name":"University of Gdansk","award":["2019\/33\/B\/NZ9\/02159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/33\/B\/NZ9\/02159"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre","award":["533-D000-GA16-24"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["533-D000-GA16-24"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre","award":["OPUS17"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OPUS17"]}]},{"name":"National Science Centre","award":["2019\/33\/B\/NZ9\/02159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/33\/B\/NZ9\/02159"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>ECF \u03c3 factors, which constitute the most abundant and diverse group of the \u03c370-family, are important signal response regulatory proteins in bacterial adaptative responses to harsh environmental changes and for bacterial survival. Their activity is commonly controlled by specific and reversible interactions with their cognate anti-\u03c3 factors (soluble or transmembrane proteins), which directly or indirectly sense the environmental signals and transmit them to their partner \u03c3 factor. The genome of pathogenic L. interrogans is predicted to encode 11 ECF \u03c3E-type factors and more than 30 regulators predicted as anti-\u03c3 factors, anti-anti-\u03c3 factors, and regulators of anti-anti-\u03c3 factors. We have recently demonstrated that one of the L. interrogans ECF \u03c3 factors, i.e., LIC_12757, indeed functions as a transcriptional factor and is autoregulated at the transcriptional level. This study is a next step towards determining key aspects of LIC_12757 functioning in Leptospira. By using genetic and proteomic approaches, we provide strong evidence that the LIC_12757 activity is controlled via interactions with its putative FecR-like regulator, LIC_12756. We also demonstrate that LIC_12756 exhibits not only an anti-\u03c3 activity but also acts as a positive regulator of LIC_12757 in the presence of specific environmental cues. Interestingly, we found that the nutrient-limiting conditions, including iron deficiency, may act as specific signals for the LIC_12757 activation. In conclusion, we identified the L. interrogans regulatory system consisting of an ECF \u03c3 factor, LIC_12757, and a FecR-like regulator, LIC_12756, which is most likely involved in the response of pathogenic Leptospira to iron and nutrient limitation, and thus also likely involved in their response to host-induced stress.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26114994","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T10:24:45Z","timestamp":1747909485000},"page":"4994","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evidence for a Putative Regulatory System Consisting of an ECF \u03c3E-Type Factor, LIC_12757, and a FecR-like \u03c3 Factor Regulator, LIC_12756, in the Pathogenic Spirochaetes Leptospira interrogans"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5756-3013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sabina","family":"K\u0119dzierska-Mieszkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General and Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5236-7539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"K\u0119dzierska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacterial Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biology, University of Gda\u0144sk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0044-1960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Pardyak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5997-2555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zbigniew","family":"Arent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, 30-248 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bierue, E., Thibeaux, R., Girault, D., Soup\u00e9-Gilbert, M.E., and Goarant, C.A. 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