{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T22:49:43Z","timestamp":1782773383997,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of The Russian Federation","award":["#FWNR-2025-0018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#FWNR-2025-0018"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cancer progression is a complex, multi-stage development process characterized by dynamic changes at the molecular level. Understanding these changes may provide new insights into tumorigenesis and potential therapeutic targets. This study focuses on the evolutionary transcriptomics of cancer, specifically analyzing the Transcriptome Age Index (TAI) across different pathological stages. By examining various cancers at four distinct pathological stages, we identify a significant \u00abhourglass\u00bb pattern in TAI indices of ductal carcinoma of the breast, bladder carcinoma, and liver carcinoma, suggesting a conserved evolutionary trajectory during tumor development. The results reveal that early and late stages of these cancers exhibit higher TAI values, indicative of more novel gene expression, while intermediate stages show a dip in TAI, reflecting a more ancient evolutionary origin of expressed genes. This \u00abhourglass\u00bb pattern underscores the evolutionary constraints and innovations at play during tumor progression. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that evolutionary principles are deeply embedded in cancer biology, offering new perspectives on the dynamics of gene expression in tumors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115041","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:58:09Z","timestamp":1747994289000},"page":"5041","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Evolutionary Transcriptomics of Cancer Development"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4369-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9738-1409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry","family":"Afonnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7754-8611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yury","family":"Matushkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3138-381X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Lashin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Lavrentiev Avenue 10, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1111\/eva.13190","article-title":"Identifying Key Questions in the Ecology and Evolution of Cancer","volume":"14","author":"Dujon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Evol. 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