{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T05:15:52Z","timestamp":1776316552797,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747958400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; and Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2021-DD121403 (1711200672)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-DD121403 (1711200672)"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science and ICT; Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy; and Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-KH-136029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-KH-136029"]}]},{"name":"Korea Dementia Research Center funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT; Ministry of Health and Welfare; and Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2021-DD121403 (1711200672)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2021-DD121403 (1711200672)"]}]},{"name":"Korea Dementia Research Center funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT; Ministry of Health and Welfare; and Korea Health Industry Development Institute, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-KH-136029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-KH-136029"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive cancer characterized by a high risk of recurrence, invasiveness, metastatic potential, and poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), particularly M2-like TAMs, contribute to TNBC progression by promoting an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), highlighting the need for TME remodeling. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of co-administering CL7, a CD300c monoclonal antibody that induces M1 macrophage polarization, and anti-PD-1, an immune checkpoint inhibitor, in TNBC. To establish a TNBC model, 4T1 cells were inoculated into the fourth left mammary gland of mice. CL7 and anti-PD-1 were intravenously administered twice a week. Flow cytometry and RT-PCR were performed to assess the immunotherapeutic effects, and lung metastases were evaluated by the Hematoxylin and Eosin staining of lung tissues. Tumor growth was significantly reduced in the combination treatment group (CL7 and anti-PD-1) compared to both the PBS and monotherapy groups. Additionally, the combination treatment increased M1 macrophages and activated CD8+ T and NK cells in the tumor, while significantly suppressing lung metastases. These findings suggest that the combination of CL7 and anti-PD- therapy has the potential to treat TNBC by remodeling the TME.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]],"date-time":"2025-05-23T09:58:09Z","timestamp":1747994289000},"page":"5045","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["The Combination of CD300c Antibody with PD-1 Blockade Suppresses Tumor Growth and Metastasis by Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2273-0931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Soyoung","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8145-6645","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ik-Hwan","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Suin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CentricsBio Inc., 28 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"DaeHwan","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hyunju","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jongyeob","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CentricsBio Inc., 28 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5128-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CentricsBio Inc., 28 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Won","family":"Jeon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CentricsBio Inc., 28 Beobwon-ro 11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05836, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0299-3582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyunsu","family":"Bae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science in Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, S., Choi, I., Han, I.H., and Bae, H. 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