{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T15:55:43Z","timestamp":1773071743058,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["2018-1.3.1-VKE-2018-00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-1.3.1-VKE-2018-00014"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["TKP2021-EGA-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-32"]}]},{"name":"National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund of Hungary","award":["7717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7717"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology, Hungary through the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["2018-1.3.1-VKE-2018-00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-1.3.1-VKE-2018-00014"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology, Hungary through the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["TKP2021-EGA-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-32"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Innovation and Technology, Hungary through the National Research, Development, and Innovation Fund","award":["7717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7717"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Fund of the University of Szeged","award":["2018-1.3.1-VKE-2018-00014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-1.3.1-VKE-2018-00014"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Fund of the University of Szeged","award":["TKP2021-EGA-32"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TKP2021-EGA-32"]}]},{"name":"Open Access Fund of the University of Szeged","award":["7717"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7717"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play roles in several physiological and pathophysiological processes, but their effects on reproductive function are controversial. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of n-3 PUFA-rich fish oil and n-6-rich sunflower oil on sex hormone status, in vivo and in vitro uterine contractility, and endometrial remodeling. Female Sprague Dawley, Lister hooded, and Wistar rats were treated orally for 20 days with 1 mL of tap water, sunflower oil, or fish oil. Blood samples were taken for gonadotropic and sex hormone analysis. In vivo smooth muscle contractions were measured weekly by electromyography. Isolated uterine and cecal contractions were measured after sacrificing the animals. Endometrial remodeling was detected based on the presence of \u03b1v\u03b23 integrin by optical imaging. In Sprague Dawley rats, fish oil increased the LH level and progesterone\/estradiol (P4\/E2) ratio compared to the sunflower oil-treated group. Uterine contractions were reduced both in vitro and in vivo. Endometrial \u03b1v\u03b23 integrin activity was increased in the fish oil group. In Lister hooded rats, neither sunflower nor fish oil treatments modified the investigated parameters. However, in Wistar rats, both oils increased only the in vivo contractions and reduced the P4\/E2 ratio, along with \u03b1v\u03b23 integrin fluorescence. n-3 PUFA-rich fish oil induces a breed-dependent effect on sex hormone status and uterine contractions in rats. The response to PUFA intake may vary significantly within a given species, which may have importance both in animal feeding and human nutrition.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115221","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T06:25:04Z","timestamp":1748499904000},"page":"5221","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Omega-3 Fatty Acid Consumption Alters Uterine Contraction: A Comparative Study on Different Breeds of Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5878-4691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kalman F.","family":"Szucs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dora","family":"Vigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seyedmohsen","family":"Mirdamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Samavati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Schaffer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tamara","family":"Barna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4457-1473","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tam\u00e1s","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Agricultural and Food Research Centre, Sz\u00e9chenyi Istv\u00e1n University, 9026 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9829-4366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gy\u00f6rgy","family":"B\u00e1z\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Adexgo Ltd., 9021 Gy\u0151r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henrik","family":"Baranyay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UBM Feed Ltd., 2085 Pilisv\u00f6r\u00f6sv\u00e1r, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1571-7579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Albert Szent-Gy\u00f6rgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, 6725 Szeged, Hungary"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Decandia, D., Landolfo, E., Sacchetti, S., Gelfo, F., Petrosini, L., and Cutuli, D. 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