{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T18:29:43Z","timestamp":1774376983906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748476800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-25-00104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-25-00104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Majority of commercial L-asparaginase (L-ASNase) activity assays are based on coupled enzymatic reaction, which converts aspartate into pyruvate, subsequently reacting with the probe to form a stable chromophore, which can be detected spectrophotometrically. However, in complex biological samples this method can be inaccurate due to poor optical transparency or presence of compounds interfering with the coupled enzyme reaction\u2013for this kind of cases alternative methods have been suggested. Here we suggest a strategy to rationally pick a method of choice in a variety of situations, taking into consideration the upsides and downsides of each method. A high-throughput fluorometric assay employing the substrate Asp-AMC was rigorously validated for L-ASPNase activity screening. Aassay performance is evaluated in complex biological matrices, including bovine serum, whole and diluted human blood, and finally the mouse blood and liver homogenates samples obtained from pharmacokinetic studies. This comprehensive validation process ensures the reliability and applicability of the assay for assessing L-asparaginase activity in diverse and physiologically relevant environments. Potential interfering factors and matrix effects were addressed, and assay conditions were optimized for each matrix. The optimized assay was employed to screen various L-asparaginase types (intracellular L-ASNases type I RrA, periplasmic L-ASNases type II EcA and EwA) and ASPNase formulations (conjugates with polyamines or polyelectrolyte complexes), comparing their kinetic parameters and stability. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was further employed to investigate the fine features of molecular mechanisms of L-asparaginase catalysis. FTIR spectra of Asn during hydrolysis were analyzed in buffer solutions and in complex biological matrices, such as blood sample or liver homogenates which is crucial in the context of pharmacokinetic research. This combined fluorometric and FTIR approach provides a powerful platform for optimizing L-ASNase formulations and therapeutic strategies for ALL. Based on the results obtained we have developed a strategy to choose an approach for L-Asparaginase activity assessment for a variety of difficult situations when dealing with complex biological samples.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115227","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]],"date-time":"2025-05-29T07:46:26Z","timestamp":1748504786000},"page":"5227","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A Novel Approach for the Activity Assessment of L-Asparaginase Formulations When Dealing with Complex Biological Samples"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Igor D.","family":"Zlotnikov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1\/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9761-7757","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena V.","family":"Kudryashova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1\/3, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60457-2","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia","volume":"371","author":"Pui","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-024-00525-x","article-title":"Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia","volume":"10","author":"Pagliaro","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. 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