{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T01:21:47Z","timestamp":1760059307413,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748822400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Natural Science Foundation","award":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"]}]},{"name":"Guangxi Key Natural Science Foundation","award":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Program of Guangxi Province","award":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31272682","2023GXNSFAA026335","2018GXNSFAA281208","2016GXNSFDA380011","AB18221112"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>E2F transcription factors regulate cell cycle progression by influencing the expression of proteins required for the G1-S phase transition and DNA synthesis with its heterodimeric partners (DP1 or DP2). The dimerization domain is the E2Fs and DP1 protein interaction interface and is believed to function in protein dimerization. In this study, eight E2F transcription factors (PcE2F1\u20138) of large yellow croaker Pseudosciaena crocea and one dimerization partner (PcDP1) are identified in the genome of large yellow croakers. The prediction of E2Fs conserved domains revealed that PcE2F1\u20136 has one DNA-binding domain (DBD) and one dimerization-binding domain (DD), while PcE2F7\u20138 only possess two duplicate DBDs but not DD, indicating that E2F7\u20138 cannot form the E2F\/DP1 heterodimer. To explore whether PcDP1 is a partner of PcE2F1\u20136, the ORF of PcE2F1\u20136 was cloned. Subsequently, its sequence characteristics, the expression pattern in healthy fish, and subcellular co-localization were analyzed, and an interaction between PcDP1 and PcE2F1\u20136 were detected directly by yeast two-hybrid and BiFC. The PcE2F1, PcE2F2, PcE2F3, PcE2F4, PcE2F5, and PcE2F6 genes encode a protein of 454, 448, 444, 392, 362, and 396 amino acids, respectively, with accession numbers QFZ93593.1, QFZ93594.1, QFZ93595.1, QFZ93596.1, QFZ93597.1, and QFZ93598.1, respectively. Sequence characteristics analysis found that PcE2F1\u20135 but not PcE2F6 proteins share the pocket protein-binding domain sequestering in dimerization domains and transactivation domains. The PcE2F1,2,4 proteins possess one nuclear localization signal (NLS), and PcE2F3 protein possess two NLSs, but there is no NLS in PcE2F5 and 6 protein. Moreover, PcE2F4 also contains one NES. However, PcE2F1\u20136 proteins were all located in nucleus by using Euk-mPloc 2.0 programs and were confirmed by performing the Cherry and EGFP reporter assay. Regarding co-expression of DP1, only E2F4 can transfer DP1\u2019s subcellular location from cytoplasm to the nucleus. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that PcE2F1\u20136 are constitutively and tissue specifically expressed in all of the tissues tested of a healthy large yellow croaker. The PcE2F1\u20136, except for PcE2F3, mRNA levels were all detected higher in the liver. PcE2F1\u20134 were also highly specifically expressed in the kidney, PcE2F4,6 in the brain, and PcE2F5 in the spleen of a healthy large yellow croaker, respectively. Using a yeast two-hybrid system, PcE2F4 interacting with PcDP1 was identified. The interaction between PcE2F4 and PcDP1 was further confirmed by a bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assay. Collectively, these results indicate that an interaction between PcE2F4 and PcDP1 was detected, which may form heterodimer E2F4\/DP1 to regulate cell cycles and immune-related pathways in large yellow croakers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T11:40:32Z","timestamp":1748864432000},"page":"5343","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Large Yellow Croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea, Richardson) E2F4, a Cyclin-Dependent Transcription Factor, Forms a Heterodimer with DP1"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Cai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Honglin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Environment Change and Resources Use in Beibu Gulf, Ministry of Education, Nanning Normal University, Nanning 530001, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meijuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiancheng","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3964-5012","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Hanington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinzhong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Marine Biodiversity Conservation, College of Marine Sciences, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, China"},{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4709","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.emboj.7600481","article-title":"The E2F family: Specific functions and overlapping interests","volume":"23","author":"Attwooll","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2810","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1208612","article-title":"The E2F transcriptional network: Old acquaintances with new faces","volume":"24","author":"Dimova","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.11.019","article-title":"Re-evaluating cell-cycle regulation by E2Fs","volume":"127","author":"Rowland","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm714","article-title":"Sibling rivalry in the E2F family","volume":"3","author":"Trimarchi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat. 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