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China","award":["CARS-47-G03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-47-G03"]}]},{"name":"Tianshan Scholar Climbing Project of Shandong Province, China","award":["2023TD20"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TD20"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Chinese tongue sole (Cynoglossus semilaevis) is a commercially important mariculture species; however, its fertilization and hatching rates under artificial conditions remain relatively low. Zona pellucida proteins (ZPs), which mediate sperm\u2013egg binding, were previously identified as differentially expressed genes between newly differentiated ovaries and testes in C. semilaevis. In this study, we identified 25 ZPs of C. semilaevis through genomic analysis and classified them into five subfamilies. All genes possessed a conserved ZP domain, characteristic of the gene family from mammals to teleosts. Among them, nine genes were highly expressed in ovary cells, with the expression levels increasing during ovarian development, while another three genes were predominantly expressed in liver cells. Protein\u2013protein interaction analysis predicted that 12 ZPs interacted with key reproductive regulators such as Gdf9, Arid4a, Arid4b, and Rbl, which were involved in steroidogenesis, sperm\u2013egg recognition, and folliculogenesis. Functional analyses using RNA interference revealed that Cszpc7-1 knockdown in ovarian cells led to the downregulation of cyp19a, esr2, bmp15, and adamts-1, while the expression of rbl, gnas, adgrl1, and adgrl2 was upregulated. In contrast, Cszpax1 knockdown resulted in decreased expression of cyp19a, foxl2, arid4a, and zeb1, along with upregulation of arid4b, ogg1, and gdf9. These results suggested that ZP genes might contribute to ovarian homeostasis by regulating steroid hormone synthesis, follicular development, and ovulation. This study contributed to a deeper understanding of the reproductive mechanisms of C. semilaevis and provided evolutionary insights into the functional divergence of the ZP gene family across teleosts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26115346","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]],"date-time":"2025-06-02T11:40:32Z","timestamp":1748864432000},"page":"5346","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of Zona Pellucida (ZP) Gene Family in Cynoglossus semilaevis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Kaili","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7626-5609","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhangfan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chengbin","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2772-0908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2135-090X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Na","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haipeng","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxia","family":"Sha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao 266237, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Comparison of Induced and Natural Spawning in Southern Flounder Paralichthys lethostigma","volume":"28","author":"Xu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Fish. 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