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Heterogeneity and antigen variation in the pathological cell population hinder the choice of molecular targets in the case of AML. In this review, the critical aspects were described that are usually considered when selecting molecular targets for the new CAR genetic constructs. The role of AML-associated antigens in AML progression was covered. In conclusion, we proposed an approach that may allow the elimination of pathological cells in AML more effectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T03:52:28Z","timestamp":1749181948000},"page":"5428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The Problem of Molecular Target Choice for CAR-T Cells in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7066-4919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varvara","family":"Maiorova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0539-6393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murad D.","family":"Mollaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Polina","family":"Vikhreva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexey","family":"Kibardin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Maschan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2128-0078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey S.","family":"Larin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow 117198, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e314","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(17)30364-9","article-title":"CAR T-Cell Therapy Effective in B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.46989\/001c.124277","article-title":"Overview of Approved CAR-T Products and Utility in Clinical Practice","volume":"6","author":"Bhaskar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin. 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