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There are significant cultivar-specific differences in peaches regarding their susceptibility or resistance to split pit. During fruit ripening, the stable lignification of the endocarp is crucial to prevent split pit. Excessively rapid and unstable fruit development caused by extreme environments seriously affects endocarp formation, leading to split-pit traits. The uneven distribution of phytohormones is one of the important reasons for uneven fruit growth and split pit. The mature dehiscence model of Arabidopsis thaliana provides important references for studying the molecular mechanism of split pit in peaches. This review summarizes the occurrence time, fruit characteristics, influencing factors, and existing research progress on the molecular mechanisms of peach split pit. Finally, it introduces the latest technical methods for studying the molecular mechanisms of split pit and provides future research directions. This paper aims to help breeders understand the possible causes of split pit in peaches, provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of split pit, and promote the sustainable development of the peach industry.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T11:08:31Z","timestamp":1749208111000},"page":"5460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Analysis of the Causes of Split Pit in Peaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zhibo","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Honghao","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangxin","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, 100 Science Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, T., Wilf, P., Huang, Y., Zhang, S., and Zhou, Z. 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