{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T09:17:26Z","timestamp":1789636646896,"version":"4.0.0"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749168000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oral inflammation and the immune response are distinct but related processes where Linum usitatissimum L., fam. Linaceae represents a possible use for localized relief. Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an oral potentially malignant disorder (OPMD) with an inflammatory background that mainly affects post- and peri-menopausal women. The presented methodology was threefold. Firstly, the plant extracts were made from flaxseeds of selected cultivars (Szafir [SZ] and Jantarol [JA]) containing plant lignans. In silico docking affinity was performed to verify the beta and alpha estrogen receptors of keratinocytes\u2019 (ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2) affinity for lignans from the plant extracts. Lastly, tests using living keratinocyte cell lines were performed. Adding the studied extracts from two cultivars of flaxseed\u2014JA and SZ (10 \u00b5g\/mL) reduced lipopolysaccharides (LPS)\u2014induced cell inflammation markers levels of COX-2 and IL-6. The effect of JA was more pronounced than that of SZ, with statistical significance (p &lt; 0.05). A high in silico affinity was provided during secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) docking to ER\u03b1 and ER\u03b2. Flaxseed\u2019s action could be based on the docking affinity of its major components to the estrogen receptors and the overall concentration of the elements of the extracts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]],"date-time":"2025-06-06T12:58:21Z","timestamp":1749214701000},"page":"5462","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Flaxseed Extracts Impact the Cellular Structure of a Keratinocyte Model for Oral Lichen Planus\u2014A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-2560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Du\u015b-Ilnicka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4620-8953","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Prescha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda","family":"Mordal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alumnus of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3454-5044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"\u015aroda-Pomianek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biophysics and Neurobiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. T. Cha\u0142ubi\u0144skiego 3a, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3355-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Sobieszcza\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Wroclaw Medical University, ul. T. Cha\u0142ubi\u0144skiego 4, 50-368 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-6073","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Bielecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5758-9667","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u017baneta","family":"Czy\u017cnikowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5226-2756","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Szperlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, Przybyszewskiego 63\/77, 51-148 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7283-2653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Matkowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211A, 50-556 Wroc\u0142aw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4684-5722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Radwan-Oczko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"4157","article-title":"Oral lichen planus and malignant transformation: The role of p16, Ki-67, Bub-3 and SOX4 in assessing precancerous potential","volume":"15","author":"Rosa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp. 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