{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T17:12:27Z","timestamp":1791911547107,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]],"date-time":"2025-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disease. This study investigates the relationship between endothelial function, insulin resistance, and hormonal profiles in women with PCOS. Forty women with PCOS were included: metformin (n = 20), GLP1-RAs (n = 10), and oral contraceptive pills (n = 10). A 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed, and the 0, 60, and 120 min insulin, glucose, and endothelial functions were evaluated. The postprandial and fasting state Matsuda Index and HOMA Index were measured. All measurements were performed at baseline and at a 6-month follow-up. At baseline, the percentage change in the Perfused Boundary Region (PBR) was associated with the percentage change in glucose at 120 min of the OGTT (r = 0.42, p &lt; 0.05). The Matsuda Index, Homa Index, and testosterone levels were associated with the PBR (2.91 \u00b1 0.1 \u03bcm) at 120 min of the OGTT (r = 0.41, r = 0.38 and r = 0.28, respectively). MMP9 levels were associated with the Matsuda and Homa Index (r = 0.45, p &lt; 0.05 and r = 0.41, p &lt; 0.05, respectively). At the 6-month follow-up, all the participants presented improvements of the Matsuda Index (7 \u00b1 0.31 vs. 9.1 \u00b1 0.2), Homa Index (5.3 \u00b1 0.8 vs. 2.91 \u00b1 0.1), MMP9 (210 \u00b1 30 vs. 178 \u00b1 28 ng\/mL), and testosterone levels (44.2 \u00b1 5 vs. 39.1 \u00b1 2 ng\/dL) compared to the baseline (p &lt; 0.05 for all the comparisons). Patients who received GLP1-RA agonists presented the greatest improvement in MMP9 levels. Postprandial hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and testosterone levels are associated with an impaired glycocalyx thickness in women with PCOS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T06:46:01Z","timestamp":1749451561000},"page":"5488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Endothelial Function and Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Vaia","family":"Lambadiari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6480-3878","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sotirios","family":"Pililis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stamatios","family":"Lampsas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"2nd Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5829-7327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aikaterini","family":"Kountouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3916-5350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John","family":"Thymis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8693-4443","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loukia","family":"Pliouta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3538-2534","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melpomeni","family":"Peppa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diabetes Center, 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Kalantaridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8079-0599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evangelos","family":"Oikonomou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, \u201cSotiria\u201d Chest Diseases Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerasimos","family":"Siasos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Cardiology, Medical School, \u201cSotiria\u201d Chest Diseases Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Division, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8241-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ignatios","family":"Ikonomidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"2nd Cardiology Department, Attikon University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"The Lancet Regional Health-Europe (2022). 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