{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:38:10Z","timestamp":1787863090120,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":127,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749513600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82470175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82470175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024NSFSC1702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC1702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82200196"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82200196"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82470175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82470175"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018542","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024NSFSC1702"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024NSFSC1702"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018542","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a highly heterogeneous tumor. Although targeted therapies such as Bruton\u2019s Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) inhibitors and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) inhibitors have significantly improved patient outcomes in CLL, the disease remains incurable. A critical aspect of CLL progression is its transformation from an indolent tumor to a high-grade malignancy, a process known as Richter\u2019s Transformation (RT) or Richter Syndrome. Treatment options for RT are very limited, and patient prognosis is often poor. The molecular mechanisms driving RT are not yet fully elucidated. This review aims to summarize recent advances in research aimed at uncovering the mechanisms underlying RT in CLL. By integrating findings from genetics, signaling pathways, epigenetics, and the tumor microenvironment, this review seeks to provide insights that could guide further basic research into RT and inform the development of novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125563","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]],"date-time":"2025-06-10T12:53:16Z","timestamp":1749559996000},"page":"5563","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular Features Accompanying Richter\u2019s Transformation in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xiaole","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1941-8621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-022-01613-1","article-title":"The 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Haematolymphoid Tumours: Myeloid and Histiocytic\/Dendritic Neoplasms","volume":"36","author":"Khoury","year":"2022","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.1946","article-title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia A Review","volume":"329","author":"Shadman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-023-01852-w","article-title":"Survival in hematological malignancies in the Nordic countries through a half century with correlation to treatment","volume":"37","author":"Hemminki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)00595-6","article-title":"Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia","volume":"404","author":"Jain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.22.01028","article-title":"Emerging Therapies for the Management of Richter Transformation","volume":"41","author":"Smyth","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. 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