{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T16:14:03Z","timestamp":1787242443886,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells, including Hodgkin and Reed\u2013Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma (cHL), suppresses immune responses in the tumor immune microenvironment (TME). We analyzed PD-L1 expression in macrophages and HRS cells of 98 cHL cases and correlated the findings with clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS). Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) was detected by in situ hybridization for EBV-encoded RNA. Ten high-power fields were evaluated to count the total number of macrophages and PD-L1+ macrophages, and to calculate PD-L1 histoscore (H-score) in HRS cells. EBV-positive cHL was found in 22.5% of patients. The median H-score was 80 (range 0\u2013300). Bulky disease was associated with a lower number of PD-L1+ macrophages, and extranodal disease with a higher number (p = 0.05). EBV-positive cHL showed a higher PD-L1 H-score in HRS cells and a greater number of PD-L1+ macrophages (p = 0.005); both of these features, along with the proportion of PD-L1+ macrophages, were associated with shorter PFS and OS (p &lt; 0.001). High PD-L1 expression in HRS and macrophages may be linked to worse clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T11:18:40Z","timestamp":1749640720000},"page":"5592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["High PD-L1 Expression in HRS Cells and Macrophages in Tumor Immune Microenvironment Is Associated with Adverse Outcome and EBV Positivity in Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Antonija","family":"Miljak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonia","family":"Pavlovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3681-8499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Benzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu\u010dana Viceli\u0107","family":"\u010cutura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davor","family":"Galu\u0161i\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9848-2225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milan","family":"Vuj\u010di\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Blaslov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Haematology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merica Glavina","family":"Durdov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.63.1119","article-title":"US Intergroup Trial of Response-Adapted Therapy for Stage III to IV Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Early Interim Fluorodeoxyglucose-Positron Emission Tomography Imaging: Southwest Oncology Group S0816","volume":"34","author":"Press","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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