{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T23:35:03Z","timestamp":1783726503106,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Accurate diagnosis of diseases in patients is crucial, particularly in older individuals, where the focus is often placed primarily on advanced age and its associated symptoms. However, advancements in technology and research have revealed that certain diseases traditionally linked to aging can also manifest in younger populations, demonstrating similar bodily changes. One such condition is sarcopenia, a degenerative disease of skeletal muscle that arises from various pathological processes affecting the tissues. In this study, we developed a liposomal formulation based on 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC), in which both nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) and Matrigel (Mgel) were co-encapsulated, each playing a distinct role in the management of sarcopenia. NMN is known to stimulate the increase of NAD+ levels, while Matrigel enhances the activity of satellite cells, thereby facilitating muscle fiber regeneration and stabilizing protein levels. Results from the DLS, SEM, and TEM analyses revealed significant differences attributed to the type of therapeutic agent used and the synthesis parameters. Additionally, the drug release profile underscored the complementary nature and significance of selecting the appropriate active substances for effective treatment strategies. The in vitro investigations aimed to assess the potential of DMPC lipid vesicles loaded with NMN, either alone or in combination with Matrigel, to counteract sarcopenia-associated oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. The results showed that both NMN-based formulations reduced oxidative damage, preserved mitochondrial function, and maintained cytoskeletal integrity in a hydrogen peroxide-induced model of sarcopenia. Importantly, the formulation containing both NMN and Matrigel demonstrated superior protective effects, suggesting a synergistic role of the extracellular matrix components in enhancing muscle cell resilience. These findings support the use of DMPC-based delivery systems as promising candidates for sarcopenia therapy and warrant further investigation into their mechanisms of action in preventing muscle cell degeneration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125594","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T11:18:40Z","timestamp":1749640720000},"page":"5594","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["DMPC-Based Liposomal Vesicles for Encapsulation and Controlled Release of NMN and Matrigel in Sarcopenia Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-8666-3217","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alfred","family":"Najm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floreasca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra C\u0103t\u0103lina","family":"B\u00eerc\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8968-504X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adelina-Gabriela","family":"Niculescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Alberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3036-094X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandru Mihai","family":"Grumezescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8093-1750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bianca","family":"G\u0103l\u0103\u021beanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2267-6453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan \u0218tefan","family":"Vasile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Science and Engineering of Oxide Materials and Nanomaterials, National University of Science and Technology Politehnica Bucharest, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mircea","family":"Beuran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floreasca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0056-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bogdan Severus","family":"Gaspar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floreasca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudiu \u0218tefan","family":"Turcule\u021b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Sector 5, 050474 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Emergency Hospital Floreasca Bucharest, 8 Calea Floreasca, Sector 1, 014461 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9439-9432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ariana","family":"Hudi\u021b\u0103","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of the University of Bucharest\u2014ICUB, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050657 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ispoglou, T., 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