{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T23:36:33Z","timestamp":1788910593902,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Unione europea\u2014Next Generation EU\u2014PNRR M6C2\u2014Investimento 2.1 Valorizzazione e potenziamento della ricerca biomedica del SSN\u201d","award":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376295"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNRR-MAD-2022-12376295"]}]},{"name":"Unione europea\u2014Next Generation EU\u2014PNRR M6C2\u2014Investimento 2.1 Valorizzazione e potenziamento della ricerca biomedica del SSN\u201d","award":["F33C22001010006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F33C22001010006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cardiac hypertrophy represents a central manifestation of hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD), which consists of structural and functional changes as a response to sustained pressure overload. Oxidative stress and inflammation play central roles in the development of cardiac hypertrophy, contributing to myocardial remodeling in association with mechanical stress and neurohormonal activation. The imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms is associated with the activation of signaling pathways and the expression of genes involved in the development and progression of cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Oxidative stress is also related to mitochondrial dysfunction, redox-sensitive transcription factors, post-translational modifications, and epigenetic modulation. Novel therapeutic strategies can target these molecular pathways, reducing the impact of hypertension on HMOD. Type-2 sodium glucose transporter inhibitors were shown to restore mitochondrial bioenergetics, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammation. Also, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists reduce ROS generation and stabilize mitochondrial structure and function. In addition, vericiguat, which represents an approach targeted to restore nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase signaling, might represent a valuable therapeutic approach, working to prevent and slow the progression of cardiac hypertrophy before the development of heart failure. In this review we will describe the pathophysiological mechanisms associated with cardiac hypertrophy and discuss the recent innovative therapeutic strategies with potential implications for prevention and management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125610","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]],"date-time":"2025-06-11T11:18:40Z","timestamp":1749640720000},"page":"5610","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Cardiac Damage in Hypertension: From Molecular Mechanisms to Novel Therapeutic Approaches"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4845-117X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanna","family":"Gallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\u20131039, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"Cardiology Unit, Sant\u2019Andrea University Hospital, Via di Grottarossa 1035\u20131039, 00189 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9808-7970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Speranza","family":"Rubattu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Via di Grottarossa 1035\u20131039, 00189 Rome, Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.14240","article-title":"High Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"75","author":"Fuchs","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.121.18502","article-title":"Hypertension-Mediated Organ Damage: Prevalence, Correlates, and Prognosis in the Community","volume":"79","author":"Vasan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-020-00427-x","article-title":"The Heart in Hypertension","volume":"35","author":"Nadar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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