{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T00:33:50Z","timestamp":1785112430183,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Currently, approximately 40% of patients with dementia develop some form of sleep disorder. Benzodiazepines are widely prescribed but pose the risk of tolerance and cognitive decline; however, Z-drugs may offer safer alternatives. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of benzodiazepines and Z-drugs on sleep disorders in patients with dementia. Two authors conducted a systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Espistemonikos, and ACCESSSS for studies published between 2019 and 2024 using the MeSH terms \u201cdementia\u201d, \u201csleep disorders\u201d, and \u201cpharmacotherapy\u201d. Randomized clinical trials comparing benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, or innovative medications with placebo or other drugs were included. Sleep and cognitive outcomes were assessed using validated instruments; the ROB-2 tool evaluated the risk of bias. The protocol was registered in \u201cPROSPERO\u201d. Three randomized clinical trials involving a total of 192 patients were included in the review. Zopiclone increased the main duration of nighttime sleep by 81 min, Zolpidem reduced nighttime awakenings by 21 min, and Eszopiclone improved sleep quality, benefited the progression of sleep architecture, and reduced mental symptoms such as fear and anxiety. Z-drugs show superior efficacy and safety over benzodiazepines, improving sleep and cognitive symptoms in dementia. Personalized treatment and further research across dementia subtypes are needed to optimize long-term outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,13]],"date-time":"2025-06-13T03:53:12Z","timestamp":1749786792000},"page":"5654","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Dementia and Sleep Disorders: The Effects of Drug Therapy in a Systematic Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Luis Fernando","family":"Chavez-Mendoza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Cd. Juarez 32310, Chihuahua, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8860-8306","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan O.","family":"V\u00e1zquez-Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Tecnol\u00f3gico de Monterrey, Guadalajara 45201, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2233-571X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Blanca Miriam","family":"Torres-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Division, Western Biomedical Research Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Philosophical, Methodological and Instrumental Discipline, Health Sciences University Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Walter A.","family":"Trujillo-Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Tonala University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tonala 45425, Jalisco, Mexico"},{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Aparatos y Sistemas II, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8131-6853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erandis D.","family":"Torres-S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3582-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ismael","family":"Bracho-Vald\u00e9s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Direcci\u00f3n Acad\u00e9mica de Aparatos y Sistemas I, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniela L. C.","family":"Delgado-Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento Acad\u00e9mico de Formaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Guadalajara, Zapopan 45129, Jalisco, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, June 30). Salud OM de la OMS. Demencia. Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/es\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/dementia."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-220012","article-title":"Prevalence of Dementia and Main Subtypes in Mexico: The Study on Aging and Dementia in Mexico (SADEM)","volume":"89","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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