{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T19:19:08Z","timestamp":1789154348306,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750032000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["STM. A351.20.025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["STM. A351.20.025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including Crohn\u2019s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), and IBD-unclassified (IBD-U), are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Chronic inflammation in the course of IBD is an important initiating factor of fibrosis of the intestinal wall. Intestinal fibrosis is one of the most common and important complications of IBD and, due to the irreversibility of the process and the need for surgical treatment, currently poses a major clinical challenge. In this review, we presented in detail the process of intestinal wall fibrosis at the molecular, immunological, and clinical levels. We characterized the mediators, including transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2), tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1), and others participating in this process. We also described the type 2 epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition (EMT) process closely associated with chronic inflammation, leading to excessive development of connective tissue in the intestinal wall in the course of IBD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26125754","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]],"date-time":"2025-06-16T10:47:22Z","timestamp":1750070842000},"page":"5754","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Molecular Basis of Chronic Intestinal Wall Fibrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Sputa-Grzegrzolka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Socha-Banasiak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology, Allergology and Pediatrics, Polish Mother\u2019s Memorial Hospital-Research Institute, 93-338 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Dziegiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bartosz","family":"Kempisty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomy, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101097","article-title":"EPIMAD study Group. 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